Money and its supply

Increasing money in supply can lead to inflation where the general prices of goods and services rise dramatically. This erodes the purchasing power of a currency and the value of other monetary items. Moreover, this may create uncertainty among investors concerning future inflation and this reduces saving and investment. Lastly, inflation makes lending institutions to stop lending or charge high interest rates because of its declining value. Reducing money in circulation so as to curb inflation may lead to price decline of goods and services and consumers would horde out their money hoping that it will increase in value in the future.When consumers stop spending, movement of goods declines making businesses to make losses leading to unemployment. Borrowing becomes prohibitive since businesses are forced to spend more when servicing the debt. Government and stability of its currency The government can maintain a stable currency by ensuring that the monetary policy is effective and eff icient. The exchange rate system should not be controlled and the movement of currency in and out f the country should not be restricted by the government. Both monetary and fiscal policies should be stable so as to ensure that the rate of inflation does fluctuate unnecessarily.This will insulate the legal tender from global economic shocks. The government can use fiscal policies by regulating spending and taxation to increase economic growth during low inflation and high unemployment, and lower it during low unemployment and high inflation (Hanke, 2003). Factors that would undermine a stable currency include regulation of the exchange rate of a currency or the movement of the currency in and out of the country. In addition, increasing money in circulation when economic growth is stagnant would lower the value of the currency and create inflation. Emerging economy and a wealthy countryThe law of comparative advantage argues that, nations can benefit from trade by engaging in trade e ven when one country lacks absolute advantage in producing goods being traded. For example, Mundania and Lalaland are two nations each producing both jackets and sandals. Mundania is efficient and produces 100 jackets and 140 sandal every hour compared to Lalaland who make 80 jackets and 60 sandals per hour. Mundania enjoys absolute advantage in production of both goods. Working 40hrs per week, both countries produce 180 x 40hrs = 7200 units of jackets and 200 x 40 = 8000 unit of sandals.However, if factor cost in production of jackets in mundania is more efficient compared to Lalaland, Mundania would concentrate solely in jacket production. The 40 hours spent in sandals production would enable production of 8000 jackets in Mundania per week. Moreover, Lalaland would concentrate on sandals production and increase production to 8000 per week. Jacket production not only remains stable but increases considerably because of specialization. Country ranking Kenya’s competitiveness has stagnated over the past year and several policies ought to be enacted to improve its performance.It has improved in its capacity to innovate through research and development and collaborating well the institutions of scientific research to those in business field. To enhance competitiveness, I would improve both the education sector and job training skills so as to increase the number of skilled workers. The country’s economy has reformed considerably with a considerable portion being sustained by the financial market due to increased access to loans and development of the stock market. This is in line with the findings of world Economic Forum (2009-2010)This sector needs more support through reduction of bureaucracies and enhancing transparency. Moreover, public institutions have been known to be inefficient as a result of corruption and this need to be addressed urgently. Anti-corruption agency should be established and given power to prosecute corrupt officials. I woul d also uplift the living standard of people by ensuring the health facilities are accessible to all and increase housing sector by seeking international aid to construct affordable houses especially in urban areas to avoid growth of shanties and overcrowding.

Objectifying Women

Objectifying Women Women in the Media Although we may not realize it, but media is a very powerful source of influence. Influence that can affect people in many ways that may be positive and beneficial for corporations, but not so much for the general public. Media uses a variety of means such as advertisements, movies and music videos to convince its consumers and potential consumers in buying their products, or following their lifestyles. Majority of these means are dominated with portraying different views of women.Whether it is a detergent ad, a sports themed movie or a popular pop song, each and every source of media is focused on objectifying women. While watching your favorite television show, you may not pay attention to the advertisement in between, nor do you pay attention to the fact that most of them have women in it, nor the way that they are portrayed as. Since it is seen as a common thing, our minds are accustomed to this idea. Most women in today’s media are vi ewed as  sex objects, and most advertisements use this as a way to sell a product.Magazines, television, and the Internet display this quite well by constantly portraying pencil thin models with impossibly long legs, perfect complexions, enhanced breasts, and incredibly thick locks (DeYoung & Crane). These women are then illustrated in sexually provocative poses for the purpose of selling something as ordinary as shoes. This may seem to be a harmless way of promoting a product but these  sexually provocative advertisements  have had a grave effect on our society. Media completely changes the way we see women and how we describe beauty.It has started to sell beauty; it creates an unattainable ideal woman, compelling other women to attempt to transform themselves into model look-alikes. A beautiful women does not have to be tall, skinny or should have long hair, but these images have created a category which define beauty, hence we have started to believe that as being the real definition. After all, it’s been scientifically proven that extended exposure to media changes our brains and the way we think, with average media exposure for hildren shown to be around 10 hours per day there is a lot of brain changing going on (DeYoung & Crane). So we can only imagine the affect of all this on little girls, teens as well as older women. Many of which lack self-esteem and empowerment. They are struggling everyday to find ways to look and feel more confident and beautiful. To tackle this, Dove launched a marketing campaign in 2004, called â€Å" the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty†. It included all sorts of media sources such as advertisements, video, workshops, sleepover events and much more.The campaign featured women of diverse shapes and sizes. The central objective behind it was to celebrate differences in physical traits that represented all kinds of women: to inspire them so they can be confident and comfortable with themselves (Arruda, 2011). Fir stly, the idea that Dove has is impeccable, the implementation and its source are not. Unilever owns Dove, which also owns Axe (male grooming products) amongst many other brands. Axe is a well-known brand, especially for its sexual commercials in which they objectify women and perpetuate unrealistic images of beauty.They habitually feature young, longhaired, thin, and large breasted models that are usually throwing themselves at the male-models. If Dove truly believed in liberating women to broaden the conventional definition of beauty, it would end its affiliation with such companies. Even though, that might be difficult as Unilever is a parent company, the least Dove can do is to address criticism it faces. The central point of this campaign is to liberate women and celebrate different types of beauty.On the contrary, this campaign has been criticized to only show women that naturally have a small frame and all images that they show are manipulated. Not just faintly edited to remo ve pimples, but bodies are altered to fit the beauty norm. A ‘heavy’ woman may be included but she has got to be the right kind of heavy, her image will be altered to remove freckles, lumps and bumps (Dye). In other words, â€Å" Campaign for Real Beauty† presents unreal bodies, which people can never attain.Additionally, it has been said that to appear socially responsible and to gain more market share resulting in an increment in profits was the core reason of this campaign. Due to this, Dove brand itself is deceptive, as it is not fully committed to its core proposition of the campaign. We need to understand the power that media has on our societies. Objectification and degrading women has led to many consequences that include fatalities such as anorexia and bulimia. Many young girl and teens are self conscious about their appearance and weight.Some have gone as far as going on a diet from as little as 13 years of age (The causes and the experience of eating d isorders). To terminate this atrocity, the government needs to step in. We know that there are many campaigns against cigarettes and alcohol, if the government is able to spend money on such issues, we are certain they can take part in this. The government must control where/how diet pills and such products are sold. A teenager of 15 years must not be able to walk into Wal-Mart and pick up slimfast, on her way back home from school.An awareness campaign to attack this must begin immediately; it could include seminars to help with self-esteem, spread educational handouts. Media can become an instrument of change and help awaken minds. Videos can be put on the Internet about empowering women, advertisements can show real life stories to inspire young women rather than dishearten. To conclude, we need to understand the great damage that media is causing on our society as a whole. It portrays women not as an equal but as an object to boost profits. This makes an irrational criterion abo ut beauty in our minds, which corrupts the real definition.Women make up half the population on this planet, and if they lack self-esteem and confidence we are not on a suitable path to success. The government must take action as it distresses not just our generation but our future as well. Bibliography Arruda, C. (2011, March 05). Doves Revolution- Rhetorical Analysis #2. Retrieved May 31, 2012, from Rhetoric and Popular Culture: http://rhetoricandpopculture. com/2011/03/05/doves-evolution-rhetorical-analysis-2/ Dye, L. A Critique of Dove’s Campaign for Real Beauty. Canadian Journal of Media Studies , 5 (1). DeYoung, S. & Crane, F. G. (n. d. ). Females' attitudes toward the portrayal of women in advertising: a Canadian study. Retrieved June 1, 2012, from Warc: http://www. warc. com/fulltext/ijoa/5225. htm Portrayal of Women in the Popular Media. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 1, 2012, from World Savvy: http://worldsavvy. org/monitor/index. php? option=com_content;view=article;id=6 02;Itemid=1049 The causes and the experience of eating disorders. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 1, 2012, from Feminist Resources for Women and Girls: http://womensstudies. homestead. com/edwords. html

Development Of The Shoulder Arthroplasty Health And Social Care Essay

Like the hip, the shoulder includes a ball and socket articulation. The replacing of the shoulder articulation is the operation which occupies the 3rd topographic point among common joint replacing, merely after replacing of the hip and articulatio genus articulations. Historically, shoulder replacing has a clear and defined objective which to reconstruct or retroflex the bone of the glenohumeral and the rotator turnup. The nature of shoulder arthroplasty is the most complex articulation Reconstruction in the human organic structure. It need see the factors of figure and fluctuation. With the development of surgical techniques and clinical doctors recognize, shoulder joint anatomy engineering has made important advancement. With the development of surgical techniques and clinical doctors recognize, shoulder joint anatomy engineering has made appreciable advancement. The modem epoch of shoulder replacing is no more than thirty old ages old range to present society. The conventional en tire shoulder arthroplasty ( TSA ) achieves this end that it brings significantly improves map for many patients and reduces pain they suffer. The cost of wellness attention is increasing every twelvemonth. There is a turning demand that the costs of intervention be justified by proved measuring of quality of life betterment. In finding the appropriate use for joint replacing surgery, and therefore specifying its function in the intervention of degenerative upsets, effectiveness rating is critical. Regional fluctuations in the frequence of joint replacing processs and the deficiency of consensus sing many facets of related patient attention, which have spurred involvement in the methodological analysis of surgical results research. The purpose is to better specify the function of specific interventions through valid, evidence-based clinical result and epidemiological surveies.1 The development of the shoulder arthroplastyThe history of shoulder replacing can be dated from late nineteenth century France. A Parisian tooth doctor, J. Michael Porter, who designed pean unreal shoulder which successful dainty a patient whose shou lder was already tubercular infection. This operate can be classified as an original implant in the country of glenoid part. ( Lugli, 1978 ) In 1953, the Neer produced vanadium unreal humeral caput prosthetic device to handle humerus near terminal comminuted break and the consequence achieved satisfactory healing consequence. From now shoulder arthroplasty began to be widely used in clinical intervention. The technique advanced highly rapidly in following few old ages. Since half shoulder arthroplasty ( besides called unreal humeral caput prosthetic device replacing, hemi-arthroplasty, HA ) successful treated humeral breaks near terminal, this technique applied the range of the shoulder joint replacing bit by bit spread to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. This operation does non handle the shoulder articulation disease that the both sides of the articulate surface caput of the humerus and glenoid pit have been broken. In 1970s, Neer added polythene glenoid pit prosthetic device on the unreal humeral caput prosthetic device, in order to develop the first coevals which is Neera†¦ entire shoulder prosthetic device system. Because the glenoid pit prosthetic device can easy be abraded, loosed and shoulder joint replacing inspection and repair engineering non mature, clinical applications tend to utilize HA, but there are besides glenoid pit abrasion job. Biological surface angioplasty began to clinical applications in 1988, ( Krishnan SG, 2007 ) in order to supply a method to work out glenoid pit bring by the wear job of the humeral HA prosthetic device. At the same clip, other types of the shoulder joint replacing engineering besides begins to look and use, such as unreal humeral caput prosthetic device surface replacing, shoulder arthroplasty somersault angioplasty, and so on. At present shoulder arthroplasty has become a preferable method to handle most patients suffer from diseases of end-stage shoulder arthritis and humerus near terminal comminuted b reak. The current research chiefly focused on the humeral caput prosthetic device and glenoid pit prosthetic design, in order to cut down glenoid pit wear.2 the caput of the humerus prosthetic device replacing positionShoulder joint prosthetic device design for the chief portion of the caput of the humerus. The survey found that the curvature radius of the caput of the humerus was inconsistent, in each subdivision on the consecutive size is non the same. Now the caput of the humerus prosthetic device design is the caput of the humerus diameter and thickness correlativity coefficient as 0.75 ( Gregory T, 2007 ) The size of the caput of false organic structure and the shoulder articulation stabilisation straight relate to the strength of environing musculus in shoulder arthroplasty. Not suited prosthetic device caput will impact the caput of the humerus normal centre of rotary motion, change the shoulder articulation lever arm about, so that the musculus map alteration, causes a shoul der to shoulder, environing soft tissue hurt replacing failure. So first of all should take appropriate false figure figure to reconstruct the humerus near terminal anatomy, so as Reconstruction of soft tissue around the balance ( Yuan benxiang, 2005 ) . Normal shoulder the caput of the humerus and glenoid pit are non fiting, glenoid pit surface curvature radius is bigger than the curvature radius of caput of the humerus 2 ~ 3 millimeter, and the being of articular gristle and dishes lip in do them both basic matching. Shoulder arthroplasty â€Å" mismatch † refers to curvature radius of the caput of the humerus prosthetic device and glenoid pit prosthetic device are different, the ratio between them called consistent index, research shows that when the index is 0.80 ~ 0.88, joint stableness is best ( Anglin C, 2001 ) . It is considered that it will be better if the glenoid pit and the caput of the humerus prosthetic device in shoulder arthroplasty are wholly fiting from some theories, but in pattern most bookmans believe that do non fit more contributing to the stableness of the shoulder. The ground include two chief point: one is that does non fit the design can be in prosthetic device disruption happened when half the extra burden transportation to the environing soft tissue, cut down direct action in the articulations of dishes from head burden from head burden is the consequence of joint prosthetic device relaxation after one of the chief grounds. The 2nd point is that the comparatively little caput of the humerus false physical lessening abrasion atom coevals. The design and choice of caput of the humerus prosthetic device depends on the length and the mush pit breadth. Medullary pit breadth and humeral diameter relate to the thickness of the cerebral mantle, seemingly show approximately broad at the top and narrow in the underside. When intraoperative to the full enlarge mush aid prosthetic device grip with the environing bone, and to recognize the full contact force per unit area distribution better, better prosthetic device handle stableness. At present, although the 3rd coevals of anatomical type prosthetic device system already can good better the forecast of patients. Through the betterment of the caput of the humerus prosthetic device, prosthetic device single adaptability increased, shoulder map and the quality of life improved.2.2 the caput of the humerus prosthetic device fixed engineeringThe caput of the humerus prosthetic device grip fixed means has bone cement and the bone cement two. Bone cement into the bone cement and close terminal bone cement fixed engineering, non-bone cement is divided into force per unit area with fixed and compression bone grafting.3 glenoid pit prosthetic device replacing positionGlenoid pit prosthetic device has been use as clinical applications for 30 old ages, but it is still controversial. In the shoulder arthroplasty after usage joint prosthetic device will non merely increase the operation clip, intraoperative sum of hemorrhage and operation trouble, and a series of postoperative complications may happen, particularly glenoid pit prosthetic device relaxation. Glenoid pit prosthetic device relaxation is the consequence of operation failure, demand to make shoulder joint replacing surgery is one of the chief grounds for the alteration.3.1 glenoid pit the applied anatomy and prosthetic device designGlenoid pit prosthetic device ideal design is to recognize anatomical Reconstruction, glenoid pit the applied anatomy and biomechanics belongings of the prosthetic device design has an of import function. At present there are chiefly the undermentioned difference: ( 1 ) the glenoid pit prosthetic stuff: all sorts of polyethylene prosthetic device and metal pat of polyethylene prosthetic device. ( 2 ) The form of the glenoid pit, Due to the glenoid pit bone mass less, addition with age will do bone loss, and patterned advance of disease cause bone defect, and glenoid pit signifier will be altered evidently, increase the trouble of the anatomical Reconstruction. In or der to recognize the anatomical Reconstruction, bookmans design the ultra-high molecular weight polythene cuneus gasket to counterbalance for defect, preoperative adopts modern imaging engineering after bone and joint harm, right rating, in order to run into the single intervention. Glenoid pit prosthetic device nidation manner: joint prosthetic device after implant place to action in bone cement bed emphasis and glenoid pit prosthetic device have obvious influence on the burden, prosthetic Angle can besides impact the caput of the humerus in glenoid pit prosthetic device place [ 16 ] . The survey found that the glenoid pit and shoulder blade organic structure between axis Angle, Angle in the forward 2 A ° and pour 7 A ° between, after an norm of 1.23 A ° pour, glenoid pit prosthetic device downward inclining a hitter to cut down the caput of the humerus prosthetic displacement, so glenoid pit prosthetic device nidation in moderate backward, downward inclining can break cut do wn partial head burden, and false organic structure wear and loose ( Yuan benxiang, 2005 )3.2 glenoid pit prosthetic device fixed engineeringGlenoid pit prosthetic fixed engineering harmonizing to the fixed manner into bone cement and the bone cement, harmonizing to the prosthetic device design patterns into bolt fixed and stagger fixed. At present most bookmans think bone cement is non bone cement fixed more stable house. Neer design application foremost glenoid pit prosthetic device is made from polyethylene stuffs, ellipse, curved back, the bone cement and stagger fixed, after 30 old ages of survey the proficient betterment is really little. Pure polythene, bone cement fixed, arc line drive prosthetic device design still is the best pick, the difference is bolt fixed than stagger fixed more stable.4 other technological advancement4.1 glenoid pit biological surface angioplastyIn the presence of glenoid pit prosthetic device relaxation and pure HA the glenoid pit wear, glenoid pit biological surface angioplasty began to clinical applications. It is in the footing of HA will joint capsule, wide facia, Achilles tendon or semilunar cartilage and organ transplant fixed on glenoid pit, and â€Å" file dishes and activities to reshape † engineering. The angioplasty is chiefly used in immature and middle-aged patients, but compared with the TSA its healing consequence is unsure. Krishnan reported the shoulder arthritis utilizing glenoid pit biological surface angioplasty intervention after five old ages, it was found that glenoid pit of wear and tear visible radiation, the caput of the humerus prosthetic device stableness, did non happen secondary to false organic structure wear and the dishes brachial arthritis, shoulder articulation map is good. They think the glenoid pit biological surface angioplasty can obtain and TSA similar clinical results. The operation that immature patients and to shoulder joint map demanding patients has a opportunity to go through a comparatively long recuperation achieve good shoulder articulation map recovery, and to avoid a joint prosthetic device nidation after the hazards of, but still necessitate farther measure its effectivity and persistent. By utilizing this engineering is still need to be s olved such as transplant stuff beginning, its lastingness, surgical hurt jobs such as large. The development of tissue technology make it go the solution of this job is one of the most effectual ways.4.2 shoulder joint replacing alteration processsShoulder arthroplasty can look for shoulder hurting worse and functional restrictions, need to shoulder joint replacing alteration processs. Neer will be its ground loosely grouped into the undermentioned three facets: [ 2 ] : ( 1 ) the hapless preoperative status, such as rotator turnup hurt, infection, etc. ; ( 2 ) the operation and the false organic structure of complications, such as during the operation, the structural harm, anatomical Reconstruction failure ; ( 3 ) the jobs, such as rehabilitation exercising, hapless dishes brachial joint continued instability. HA postoperative lead to pass the most common ground is glenoid pit wear, TSA for dishes brachial joint continued instability and glenoid pit prosthetic device relaxation5 the market of shoulder articulation replacingThe cost of wellness attention is increasing every twelvemonth. There is a turning demand that the costs of intervention be justified by proved measuring of quality of life betterment. In finding the appropriate use for joint replacing surgery, and therefore specifying its function in the intervention of degenerative upsets, effectiveness rating is critical. Entire joint replacing has become a feasible option for immature, middle-aged, and aged patients who want to prolong athletically active life styles. Although shoulder arthroplasty can break easiness serious shoulder joint disease patients clinical symptoms and better with shoulder map, but at present the application more focal point on low to the map demand of the aged patients. And in the clinical pattern of many immature and middle-aged patients because of the serious harm to the same shoulder surgery. The traditional surgery, ankle arthrodesis and joint operation from off the serious influence shoulder articulation map and patient quality of life, immature and middle-aged patients to joint functional demand is high, the more hope the shoulder arthroplasty. To handle immature and middle-aged patients with shoulder joint replacing, clinicians ever hold more conservative. on the one manus, because of the shoulder articulation is the whole organic structure of big articulations activity scope biggest articulations, its activity strength, more easy to do prosthetic device relaxation and wear, particularly glenoid pit false organic structure parts, shorten the prosthetic device life ; On the other manus because of shoulder articulation inspection and repair engineering non mature. But there are besides clinicians claims for immature and middle-aged patients with shoulder arthroplasty, because: ( 1 ) Tell from the map upper limbs than lower limbs are more likely to avoid weight factors, can cut down false organic structure wear ; ( 2 ) from the surgery manner, ankle a rthrodesis and joint from off the shoulder articulation map BASIC is lost, the serious influence patients quality of life, and shoulder arthroplasty can maintain a certain extent with shoulder map, better the quality of life. Burroughs [ 31 ] on 19 instances of average age, 38.6 old ages of the immature and middle-aged patients with shoulder joint replacing therapy, after a average followup of 5.6 old ages, and from diseases and surgical types of categorization treatment. The consequences showed that patients postoperative shoulder articulation map and quality of life improved, no postoperative shoulder articulation map impairment, and TSA is HA has good healing consequence. Sperling [ 32 ] reported so far the longest followup were the consequences of the survey, this survey included 78 patients with HA and 36 instances of patients with TSA, age are & lt ; fifty old ages old, and a average followup of 16.8 old ages. The consequences showed that HA and TSA on hurting alleviation and functional betterment of all can obtain long-run, steady consequence, HA a TSA in quality of life better healing consequence, but the outlook of life is comparatively short and overhaul rate is higher. He thought that should be based on the single state of affairs of patients with disease patterned advance and take the right manner of replacing. At present shoulder arthroplasty can do immature and middle-aged patients get better and stable forecast, But for the immature and middle-aged patients with TSA or HA, is still controversial. At present, the shoulder arthroplasty is still has many jobs, the chosen replacing engineering, fixed method and stuffs to acquire the best healing consequence, still necessitate big multicenter randomized controlled tests and long-run follow-up observation. A hot topographic point in the survey of many focal point on glenoid pit portion ; Shoulder joint prosthetic device system are largely based on western people study design, with the popularisation and application of engineering in our state, how to plan a more suited for China ‘s patients with shoulder articulation prosthetic device system ; Whether can utilize tissue technology theory and material better work out the glenoid pit surface angioplasty are faced with the job ; For joint map of the high demand on the immature and middle-aged patients, how can break better the long-run forecast. All these need farther research to better and corroborate. LUGLI, TOMASO M.D, Artificial Shoulder Joint by Pean ( 1893 ) : The Facts of an Exceptional Intervention and the Prosthetic Method, Clinical Orthopaedics & A ; Related Research: June 1978 – Volume 133 – Issue – ppg 215-218 Krishnan SG, Nowinski RJ, Harrison D, et Al. Humeral hemiarthro plasty with biologic resurfacing of the glenoid for glenohumeral arthritis-Two to fi fteen-year results. J Bone Joint Surg ( Am ) , 2007, 89 ( 4 ) : 727-734. Gregory T, Hansen U, Emery RJ, et Al. Developments in shoulder arthroplasty. Proc Inst Mech Eng H, 2007, 221 ( 1 ) : 87-96. e ¬c , e‘?e†¹Ã‚ ±? µÃ‚ · . e‚ ©a†¦?eS‚a?†c†?e §?a†°-a?Za?†¡a?â€Å"e ®?e ®? . aa?Sec §Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬Å¡a?- , 2005, 8 ( 6 ) : 571-573. Anglin C, Wyss UP, Nyffeler RW, et Al. Loosening public presentation of cemented glenoid prosthetic device design brace. Clin Biomech ( Bristol, Avon ) , 2001, 16 ( 2 ) : 144-150. Boileau P, Avidor C, Krishnan SG, et Al. Cemented polyethylene versus uncemented metal-backed glenoid constituents in entire shoulder arthroplasty: A prospective double-blind, randomized survey. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2002, 11 ( 4 ) : 351-359.

Make a list of your human capital Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Make a list of your human capital - Assignment Example In the office, computer literacy in MsOffice productivity tools such as MSword, excel, powerpoint and outlook is a basic requirement. The ability to surf and do research online is also now a required skill. The degree of required computer proficiency may vary but it is still needed in the new work place. I am happy to report that I could be a part of the modern workplace because I am very proficient in computers and also literate in using other devices. Without this knowledge about computers, one can only do manual labor which are not high paying such as doing construction work, flip burgers or wait tables in restaurants. I consider my good health as a human capital because it enables me to do a lot of things. People who are very healthy may take this human capital for granted but this is actually very valuable because it ensures that we have the energy to achieve our goals and objectives. If we become sickly, we are almost out of the game of pursuing our dreams because we cannot physically pursue it. My social skills can also be considered as a human capital because it enables me to establish connection with other people whom I may need in the future. This human capital should not be underestimated because this skill provides the opportunity. Any skill or knowledge would be useless if there are no opportunities to use it. My college education of course is an invaluable human capital. My college diploma guarantees my competency in my field of study and almost assure me of an above average salary upon employment. It also serves as a ticket for a long term career in any endeavor that I may choose where there is a huge possibility where I could assume executive position because of my education. Unlike with my other human capital where its possibility of being used as a source of income is very small, college education opens a lot of possibility for me to make a living. I can use it as a credential in applying for a job. Or it could also be

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Leadership - Essay Example Discipline thinking is important in minimizing strategic blunders as plans are thoroughly thought through. It promotes a system of self/ internal correction while at the same time enhancing clear modes of formulation and implementation of ideas. It enhances an organization’s self-discipline, self-monitoring and self-corrective thinking and apart from enhancing and effective and open communication within the organization, it enables effective interpretation of ideas leading to solid conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards. Strategic thinking saves costs that may be incurred from poor decision making - capital that can be redirected towards further development (Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2013). The organization has overtime exhibited disciplined thinking and behavior that has served to propel it to global heights. For example, the idea to establish offices worldwide has helped expand the market and consumer base to every corner of the world and boost its competitiveness. Also, the increased variety of goods and services offered such as loan and banking services, video game equipment, mobile phones, televisions, music and sound systems, clothing amongst others has seen to a capturing of millions of varied consumers on a global scale. Disciplined thinking is a process that can be enhanced in an organization by promoting and encouraging new ideas amongst workers and motivating employees to feel part and parcel of the organization. The workers must feel that the organization’s problems are their problems in order to be innovative and creative enough. Cases of ridicule of ideas and negative office gossip must be weeded out from the workplace and those who have seen their ideas fail or get rejected by the organization must be encouraged to soldier on and not throw in the towel as further innovations and ideas could offer a breakthrough and shape fortune of the organizatio n. Strategic thinking can further still be promoted by constituting idea sharing forums, seminars and suitable, convenient channels amongst all workers with enhanced open upward, downward and sideways communication for flow of ideas. Workers should be offered a conducive, calm and peaceful work atmosphere and their efforts and breakthroughs recognized through promotions, pay rises, employee of the duration awards, parties, trips and vacations fully catered for by the organization and so on. Positive deviance is

Movie Reflection Paper Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection Paper - Movie Review Example This is portrayed compellingly through the transition we see from Vales hesitant music lessons in classical piano (which is shown to be a talent of his late wifes), to learning the African drum from Tarek, something which he seems to have a knack for. It comes to the point that Vale joins a drummers circle and for the first time in years begins to reconnect with the world around him. Things take a turn for the worse when Tarek is arrested and thrown into a detention centre for illegal immigrants. As Vale hires a lawyer to help Tarek, he starts to navigate a world he had never expected to encounter, or even given much thought to. Tareks mother arrives in the picture unexpectedly, looking for her son- and soon a friendship of quiet domesticity and real affection blossoms between the two. What is evident in the spirit of the film, and one that applies to the diversity issue in present discourse is the opposition between bureaucracy and humanism. Laws and statues are cold, and applied without any form of compassion or inquiry about the human it is being enforced upon. By bringing to us a picture from the other point of view, of the subaltern whose voice is nowhere to be found, we find that it is impossible to turn a blind eye to the system, which in the case of immigration laws, especially, is insensitive and unflinching, a perversion of ideals that claim to serve humanity, and uphold the value of life before everyone else. Which is of course where the debate regarding the diversity issue comes in. Does race, colour, ethnicity or rationality decide which life is to be valued and which is not? Who deserves the help of the system and who should be turned away? The diversity issue is not something that can just be construed as a morality lesson in a film- it exists today in society, in what can be termed first world countries,

Changing Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Changing Accounting - Essay Example siness was usually owned by individuals through shareholding, in Germany businesses were mainly owned by families whose capital had been providing by financial institutions. These differences in ownership structures have been led to the development of accounting standards that are geared towards shareholders in Britain and towards creditors in Germany. This paper will look at some why the accounting standards are different in Germany and in the United kingdom, in addition, it will also discuss the reasons why the the 4th directive had minimal effects on German’s accounting standards and why the 7th directive had more impact. One of the differences between German and UK accounting standards is the format of the financial statements. While in the two countries it is mandatory for companies to prepare a balance sheet and profit and loss account, in Germany, these are supposed to be accompanied by a note to the accounts, which explain the details in those accounts. In preparing a balance sheet, the UK accounting standards have allowed for two formats; one is the vertical format where current assets are deducted from current liabilities to show net current assets, the other format is the two sided format where liabilities and assets are placed on opposite sides with the easily liquefiable at the end. According to German standards, balance sheets can only be prepared using the two-sided format with assets being divided into current and fixed assets. In preparation for profit and loss accounts, United Kingdom allows for four formats two of which are vertical and two of which are horizontal. In the vertical formats, one formats puts expenditure as a cost of sales, distribution or administrative cost therefore, giving the gross profits while the other vertical formats gives a more detailed view of expenditure. On the side of the horizontal formats, expenses are put on one side and income on the other side with one of the format giving more details about the expenses.

Module 4 SLP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Module 4 SLP - Assignment Example In order to have a successful marketing campaign, there is a need for effective and efficient distribution mechanisms for the company’s products as they are taken to destinations where consumers can access and purchase them (Perner n.d.). However, prior to rolling out of these services there is the need for an issue analysis to establish the patterns and approaches that will be needed for the success of this aspect. The SWOT analysis and primary research was helpful in identifying key issues that would give the company a cutting edge in the marketing and overall position in the market. Some of the issues included strengthening human capital through internal trainings and exposure to various modern approaches in product design, development and marketing. In all business and organizational practices, human capital has continued to be categorized as the single most important resource for any business or organisation. Human capital is responsible for setting goals and objectives as well as developing strategies to achieve the particular goals and objectives. In developing a distribution and marketing plan, the company needs to train marketing personnel on some of the various types of marketing and product promotion practices that are relevant in the changing market patterns. Besides training, the company needs to build and increase its capacity on setting and achieving distribution and marketing objectives. All staff involved in marketing should be made aware of various strategies that are used by rival companies when marketing their products. This way, it is possible to create different strategies that will establish the much-needed competitive advantage. In the wake of changing marketing patterns, many companies have become creating in development and marketing of their products. Advancement in technology has provided a better platform upon which companies can devise innovative ways of

US Airways Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

US Airways - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that in the diversified airline industry that the developed world is experiencing, it is clear all types of challenges that the general economy has also affect the airline industry. The role of the management team in the midst of such challenges will continue to have a huge bearing on the operations and profitability of the players. Challenge identification coupled with the appropriate solution finding mechanism will prove to be the solution in the market marred by several uncertainties. Throughout the report, management intervention is informed by the identification of a specific challenge that the firm’s operations seem to be linked to. Offering a response to the challenges in a flexible management age is the way to handle these challenges. The US Airways is a merger of two players in the US airline industry since 2005 yet some of the challenges that characterize the market continue to pose operation threats to the firm. In this di scourse, an analysis of the challenges is made after highlighting the origin of the modern situation of the American commercial airline industry. From the highlighted challenges, a list of possible managerial interventions is introduced and briefly discussed. In another section, some of these interventions are discussed in detail, to clarify their relevance within the scope of US Airline Group. Finally, a roll-out plan of these alternatives is included, with clear timelines and projected expenditure. An order of merit is applied in the presentation of the practicality of the interventions.

Maximus and Aquinas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Maximus and Aquinas - Essay Example Thomas Aquinas and St. Maximus the Confessors input on this issue. Will can be defined as choice or determination. Divine will is what a Divine being, God, chooses or determines. Even though it sounds clear enough, the question then becomes; who is God or what components make up God? This leads to a discussion on knowledge about God, including what is the true knowledge. Then influences on mens perception of true knowledge, like Plato or Aristotle need to be examined. Human will, or human choice or determination, appears less complicated, but in reality is not. The reason human will is not clear cut comes down to how much Divine will influences mans thoughts. This factor is unknown. Opinions range from human will that is totally free to human will being guided by completely by Divine will. Aquinas and Maximus agree that humans have a will, or choice when dealing with issues of God. Aquinas asserted â€Å"that for the knowledge of any truth whatsoever man needs Divine help, that the intellect may be moved by God to its act.†1 Despite this statement, Aquinas thought that humans have a natural instinct to have knowledge without Divine revelation. Aquinas also acknowledged that Divine revelation occurs from time to time, "especially in regard to faith.†2 This means that true knowledge comes from God, but humans can also reason things out with and without Divine revelation. Through the working out of the commandments the mind puts off the passions. Through the spiritual contemplation of visible realities it puts off impassioned thoughts of things. Through the knowledge of invisible realities it puts off contemplation of visible things. And finally this it puts off through knowledge of the Holy Trinity.3 Maximus felt that knowledge comes in an abstracting from the realm of the senses into one of intellect.4 Maximus thought that any projection onto an thought of possible apprehension makes out perception of this object false.5 This

Contemporary Management issue (Tom's of Maine) Essay

Contemporary Management issue (Tom's of Maine) - Essay Example Business has its own ethics. Ferrell et al state that â€Å"business ethics comprises the principles and standards that guide behaviour in the world of business† (2009). This paper will examine the ethical matters that differentiated Toms of Maine from other businesses. It would examine the dominant theories that affected the way Toms of Maine and also identify the different dilemmas that Toms of Maine went through. The paper will examine the important activities that influenced the companys ethical affairs. The report concludes by making findings and recommendations on this subject. The story of Toms of Maine is such that the company started with a modest belief that was based on the views and strong beliefs of the founder and his wife that people must be more responsible for their actions and how they use natural resources. Toms of Maine was steeped in two things: humanitarianism and environmental consciousness. In terms of humanitarianism, they believed strongly that the members of the public needed to be given the proper products that would boost their health and ease their conscience. People who purchased their products felt that they were helping to promote a kind of business that is responsible. In terms of environmental consciousness, the company used operational systems that were very responsible. They were sensitive to animals and also conscious of the systems and production they had. Also, the company used popular methods like recycling and other things. There are several ethical frameworks that can be used to help in decision making and thinking before any action is taken. There are several approaches which are always applied and they can give a view of how to decide on a matter. Deontological Ethics are based â€Å"on duties and obligations that apply, for the most part, regardless of consequences† (Thompson, 2011: 54). Deontological ethics suggest that what is

General safety issues Essay Example for Free

General safety issues Essay General safety issues for any training programme eg kit chewing jewellery etc minimum four  The programme  This would mean giving detail as to the number of repetitions done at each station, and a clear description of how each exercise was completed (method,).  This should be written up as a diary see example  After each session there needs to be an evaluation how did it go. You need to appreciate that the circuit you develop and undertake will not be perfect. It will need adjusting. Some exercises will be too hard and/or too easy -you need to say which (and why) and to suggest how you will adjust the programme for the next time. This is where you need that detail of what you managed. So for example if your circuit includes sit ups and you managed to achieve 40 in one minute without the slightest feeling of fatigue, you need to make them harder next time -maybe changing you leg position or arm position. On the other hand if you only managed 3 in one minute then the exercise I obviously too difficult and you need to adjust it to an easier one.  Evaluation of programme  When you have finished the whole programme you need to summarize the benefits that the sessions had for you.  This will need to in include the re-testing of the fitness and skills tests that you initially undertook, The differences between the initial results and the final results for each test need to be commented on use figures did you improve, did it help your performance, was it a suitable test (reliable or valid) Did the program achieve what it set out to achieve this means referring hack to your original aims. Were the tests suitable should you have included others, were some not specific enough why not  Eg Yes I can hold off players better at football or no I cannot. Were the training methods that you used suitable/ideal in other worth was circuit training the best means of improving your fitness if not what else could you have done. This needs to be discussed and also suggestions made how the tests and/or programme could be improved upon. Appraisal of programme  This needs to include detail of how you used training theory specificity, overload, duration intensity, frequency, reversibility, progression etc. to work out your programmes and was the programme intensity and /or frequency perfect or could there have been some adjustments give examples from your ongoing evaluations  You need to discuss whether the PEP was a success or not and whether the programme could be used again.  When it is used again, what modifications would you suggest to anybody else undertaking this same programme.ie I would work at 50% intensity instead of 60%  What effects did the programme have on you performance in your activity did you find that you played better have you got any evidence that you played better more goals, coaches comments?

PESTEL analysis of the macro-environments

PESTEL analysis of the macro-environments There are many factors in the macro-environment that will effect the decisions of the managers of any organisation. Tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes are all examples of macro change. To help analyse these factors managers can categorise them using the PESTEL model. This classification distinguishes between: Political factors. These refer to government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy. What goods and services does a government want to provide? To what extent does it believe in subsidising firms? What are its priorities in terms of business support? Political decisions can impact on many vital areas for business such as the education of the workforce, the health of the nation and the quality of the infrastructure of the economy such as the road and rail system. Economic factors.  These include interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. As you will see throughout the Foundations of Economics book economic change can have a major impact on a firms behaviour. For example: higher interest rates may deter investment because it costs more to borrow a strong currency may make exporting more difficult because it may raise the price in terms of foreign currency inflation may provoke higher wage demands from employees and raise costs higher national income growth may boost demand for a firms products Social factors.  Changes in social trends can impact on the demand for a firms products and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. In the UK, for example, the population has been ageing. This has increased the costs for firms who are committed to pension payments for their employees because their staff are living longer. It also means some firms such as Asda have started to recruit older employees to tap into this growing labour pool. The ageing population also has impact on demand: for example, demand for sheltered accommodation and medicines has increased whereas demand for toys is falling. Technological factors:  new technologies create new products and new processes. MP3 players, computer games, online gambling and high definition TVs are all new markets created by technological advances. Online shopping, bar coding and computer aided design are all improvements to the way we do business as a result of better technology. Technology can reduce costs, improve quality and lead to innovation. These developments can benefit consumers as well as the organisations providing the products. Environmental factors:  environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact on many industries including farming, tourism and insurance. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for firms to consider. The growing desire to protect the environment is having an impact on many industries such as the travel and transportation industries (for example, more taxes being placed on air travel and the success of hybrid cars) and the general move towards more environmentally friendly products and processes is affecting demand patterns and creating business opportunities. Legal factors:  these are related to the legal environment in which firms operate. In recent years in the UK there have been many significant legal changes that have affected firms behaviour. The introduction of age discrimination and disability discrimination legislation, an increase in the minimum wage and greater requirements for firms to recycle are examples of relatively recent laws that affect an organisations actions. Legal changes can affect a firms costs (e.g. if new systems and procedures have to be developed) and demand (e.g. if the law affects the likelihood of customers buying the good or using the service). Different categories of law include: consumer laws; these are designed to protect customers against unfair practices such as misleading descriptions of the product competition laws; these are aimed at protecting small firms against bullying by larger firms and ensuring customers are not exploited by firms with monopoly power employment laws; these cover areas such as redundancy, dismissal, working hours and minimum wages. They aim to protect employees against the abuse of power by managers health and safety legislation; these laws are aimed at ensuring the workplace is as safe as is reasonably practical. They cover issues such as training, reporting accidents and the appropriate provision of safety equipment Typical PESTEL factors to consider include: Factor Could include: Political e.g. EU enlargement, the euro, international trade, taxation policy Economic e.g. interest rates, exchange rates, national income, inflation, unemployment, Stock Market Social e.g. ageing population, attitudes to work, income distribution Technological e.g. innovation, new product development, rate of technological obsolescence Environmental e.g. global warming, environmental issues Legal e.g. competition law, health and safety, employment law By using the PESTEL framework we can analyse the many different factors in a firms macro environment. In some cases particular issues may fit in several categories. For example, the creation of the Monetary Policy Committee by the Labour government in 1997 as a body that was independent of government but had the ability to set interest rates was a political decision but has economic consequences; meanwhile government economic policy can influence investment in technology via taxes and tax credits. If a factor can appear in several categories managers simply make a decision of where they think it best belongs. However, it is important not to just list PESTEL factors because this does not in itself tell managers very much. What managers need to do is to think about which factors are most likely to change and which ones will have the greatest impact on them i.e. each firm must identify the key factors in their own environment. For some such as pharmaceutical companies government regulation may be critical; for others, perhaps firms that have borrowed heavily, interest rate changes may be a huge issue. Managers must decide on the relative importance of various factors and one way of doing this is to rank or score the likelihood of a change occurring and also rate the impact if it did. The higher the likelihood of a change occurring and the greater the impact of any change the more significant this factor will be to the firms planning. It is also important when using PESTEL analysis to consider the level at which it is applied. When analysing companies such as Sony, Chrysler, Coca Cola, BP and Disney it is important to remember that they have many different parts to their overall business they include many different divisions and in some cases many different brands. Whilst it may be useful to consider the whole business when using PESTEL in that it may highlight some important factors, managers may want to narrow it down to a particular part of the business (e.g. a specific division of Sony); this may be more useful because it will focus on the factors relevant to that part of the business. They may also want to differentiate between factors which are very local, other which are national and those which are global. For example, a retailer undertaking PESTEL analysis may consider: Local factors  such as planning permission and local economic growth rates National factors  such as UK laws on retailer opening hours and trade descriptions legislation and UK interest rates Global factors  such as the opening up of new markets making trade easier. The entry of Bulgaria and Rumania into the European Union might make it easier to enter that market in terms of meeting the various regulations and provide new expansion opportunities. It might also change the labour force within the UK and recruitment opportunities. This version of PESTEL analysis is called LoNGPESTEL. This is illustrated below: LOCAL NATIONAL GLOBAL POLITICAL Provision of services by local council UK government policy on subsidies World trade agreements e.g. further expansion of the EU ECONOMIC Local income UK interest rates Overseas economic growth SOCIAL Local population growth Demographic change (e.g. ageing population) Migration flows TECHNOLOGICAL Improvements in local technologies e.g. availability of Digital TV UK wide technology e.g. UK online services International technological breakthroughs e.g. internet ENVIRONMENTAL Local waste issues UK weather Global climate change LEGAL Local licences/planning permission UK law International agreements on human rights or environmental policy In Foundations of Economics we focus on the economic environment. We examine issues such as the effect of interest rate changes, changes in exchange rates, changes in trade policy, government intervention in an economy via spending and taxation and economic growth rates. These can be incredibly important factors in a firms macro-environment. The growth of China and India, for example, have had massive effects on many organisations. Firms can relocate production there to benefit from lower costs; these emerging markets are also providing enormous markets for firms to aim their products at. With a population of over 1 billion, for example, the Chinese market is not one you would want to ignore; at the same time Chinese producers should not be ignored either. However, the relative importance of economic factors compared to other factors will depend on the particular position of a business. Exchange rate fluctuations may be critically important to a multinational but less significant to a local window cleaner. Rapid economic growth or economic decline may be very significant to a construction business that depends heavily on the level of income in the economy but may be slightly less significant to a milk producer whose product is less sensitive to income. So whilst the economy is important to all firms on both the supply side (e.g. unemployment levels affect the ease of recruitment) and demand side (e.g. income tax affects spending power) the relative importance of specific economic factors and the relative importance of the economy compared to, say, regulation or social trends will vary. Whilst we hope this book provides a good insight into the economy and the possible effects of economic change on a business these must be considered in the light of other macro and micro factors that influence a firms decisions and success. macro environment Hide links within definitions Definitions (2) 1. Major external and uncontrollable  factors  that  influencean  organizations  decision making, and affect itsperformance  and  strategies. These factors include theeconomic,  demographics,  legal, political, and socialconditions, technological  changes, and natural  forces. 2. Factors that influence a  companys  or  productsHYPERLINK http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/development.htmldevelopment  but that are outside of the companys  control. For example, the  macro  environment could includecompetitors, changes in  interest rates, changes in cultural tastes, or  government  regulations. How Macro Environment affects Financial Management Decision? Macro environment is a dynamic factor and has changed drastically in last few years, leading to increase in avenues, competition and complexity. Efficient financial management calls for better financial decisions. This is only possible when every factor is reviewed which can affect the decision in any way and macro environment is one of the most important factors. This has made financial management more critical and sensitive for any business. Effective evaluation of alternatives is very critical in financial decisions. The evaluation calls for analysis of various factors belonging to both macro as well as micro environment. Financial management; a specialized field of general management is affected to a large extent by macro situations. We have to make various decisions related to finance; broadly such decisions include capital budgeting, capital structure working capital decisions. Capital budgeting facilitates investment decisions, capital structure takes care of decisions relating to mix of sources of funds and, working capital assesses the day to day needs of business. While taking these decisions, one needs to understand the criticality of environmental forces. Since, there is no single factor that makes our macro environment but group of various forces like political, legal, economical, social, technological etc, together build it. An effective financial decision needs assessment of these factors. To evaluate various macro forces, it is necessary to be aware of the system and processes of the country constituting the economy. For e.g. financial system of a country which plays a major role while making financial decision. Awareness about financial environment helps us understand how it constraints or facilitate implementation of decisions. Financial environment comprises of various intermediaries as well as regulatory bodies. A simple example will help us understand the criticality of macro factors thoroughly. A change in credit policy like tightening of prudential norms for banks (for e.g. Increase in Cash Reserve Ratio and Statutory Liquidity Ratio by central bank of a country) will reduce the money supply in the economy. Decreased money supply will push up the interest rates and make credit costlier for people who want to borrow. Costly credit will directly affect the capital structure decision. It will also affect capital budgeting decision while assessing the feasibility of the investment alternative. Since, a higher cost of capital will increase the percentage of discounting factor (opportunity cost) with which the future cash flows are discounted. This may cause deferring or canceling the capital expenditure (CAPEX) plans. Also, one should be updated with various changes taking place around the world. We are living in an era of globalization where, nothing is stable and information technology has made the access to news and information of the world just a click away. World is becoming a level playing field where, not only national but international factor can also cause a threat. Like, Sub-prime Crisis brought a challenging time for almost entire world. To summarize, financial management and its decisions are greatly based on some major assumptions. These assumptions are greatly based on the macro factors such as country or worldwide interest rates, gross domestic product (GDP) of a country, growth rate of economy, production and sales figures, population census etc. It clarifies to a great extent that financial decisions may go wrong if proper study of macro factors is not done. If the foundation go wrong, dreaming about a strong building would be equivalent to day dreaming. The new Thinking The role of the Ministry ought to be facilitating industrialists to achieve their vision and being a catalyst in that process I was curious when invited to deliver the keynote address at a seminar which is on Investment Opportunities in the New Economy because the last person you would want to speak on investment opportunities is a bureaucrat.   I think investment opportunities come from the market. And if by the New Economy you are referring to the post-peace era, what we would want to see is not bureaucrats deciding on new investment opportunities, but letting the private sector decide what new opportunities are available for investment.   I have been in the Ministry for the last three months. And during the three months I have encouraged a soul-searching exercise within the Ministry as to what the role of the Ministry ought to be. We have asked ourselves the questions: What is the vision of the Ministry? Together with the Minister and with the senior staff of the Ministry, we have been trying to define the vision we hold for industry in Sri Lanka. And in order to achieve that vision, what is the mission of the Industries Ministry? I would like to share with you some of our conclusions.   We believe that the vision of the industrial sector, as well as that of the Ministry should be to create an internationally competitive, robust, modern industrial sector in Sri Lanka. If we are looking at five years or ten years from now, we would like to see our industrial sector being internationally competitive, self dependent, robust and modern. The age when government subsidized industry, when industry existed with handouts from government is over. If that is the vision that we hold out for industry, what is the mission of the Ministry? We intend sharing with the chambers our views on this matter because we want the chambers to either endorse or suggest what the Ministry ought to do. And in that context we will be unfolding before them the work programme of the Ministry. We will be accountable to industry and the chambers. Every six months we will tell them what we have achieved.   If making the industrial sector modern and internationally competitive is our vision, what is the role or the mission of the Ministry? We believe that the role of the Ministry ought to be facilitating industrialists to achieve their vision and being the catalyst in that process. And we have tried to ask ourselves the question, if we are a facilitator, if we want to be a catalyst in helping industry to achieve their vision, what should we be doing. The new organizational structure of the Ministry will reflect that mission.   Let me share some thoughts with you on what we feel are the areas that we should be involved in and we intend to get involved in. Firstly, all of you as business men and industrialists would agree that more than all the incentives and the tax breaks that you would desire, the fundamental question for industrialists is the macro environment. If you do not have a conducive macro environment in which to operate, I do not think we can talk of business or industry.   What do we mean by the macro environment? Macro environment comprises several factors like interest rates, labour policy, tariff regime, the regulatory framework, investment policy, entry policy and exit policy. There is a whole heap of factors including the legislative framework that creates the macro environment. If that macro environment is not right, I do not think any industry can flourish in a country. So we would have a Director in the Ministry in charge of these macro environmental issues. The last budget included a proposal to set up a permanent Tariff Commission to decide on tariff issues. The market is dynamic and tariff issues keep changing. The government will very soon appoint a Tariff Commission.   Similarly we intend to be represented on bodies that decide on other areas pertaining to industry, in creating that macro environment for industry, labour policy and interest rates.   The second area is industrial policy itself. I am sure many of you have either listened to or participated in debates which discussed what industries ought to be protected in Sri Lanka, if any. We find criticism at many fora where people say we opened up our economy too soon and too sudden. We did not give a chance to local industry to face competition from imported products. Even today there are people who believe that we should not allow some foreign products which have captured the markets to come into this country.   What is Government policy on this issue? We would like to develop that policy in the Ministry after discussions with industry and the chambers.   If you take a simple example, today the shoe industry is facing competition from imports from China. Huge amounts of shoes are on the pavements and in shops that have been imported at very low prices. The shoe industry in Sri Lanka employs more than 5,000 workers. And that is in the organised sector. I am ignoring the informal sector. That industry is crying for protection. Should we protect the shoe industry? There are some who argue that if our industry is to survive, they should be able to compete with any imported product.   In all the sectors of industry that we have dealt with, there are major issues of this kind. So, I think it is necessary for the Government to announce, after a dialogue with the industry and chambers, the policy of the government on protection. I am sure as consumers we would all like to pay a cheap price. We would not like to pay even more, even for the cause of protecting industry. I dont think our national consciousness goes to such an extent that we would agree to the government levying a duty of say, Rs. 900 in order to protect a local industry which manufactures the same products at a cost of Rs. 1,000 while the imported price is only Rs. 100.   If on the other hand, the imported product is Rs. 100 and the cost of the local product is Rs. 110, and there is also a likelihood that given the requisite support, given the assistance needed to upgrade technology and be more productive, the local product can also be sold at Rs 100 within a reasonable period of time, then you and I may not mind a duty of Rs. 10 being levied on the imported product in order to give that local industry a chance to improve and be competitive. In fact, if you look at examples in other countries, if you look at the Indian example, there was a time when milk produced in India was far more costly than imported milk. At that time, they imposed a duty on imported milk and used the money that was recovered to help the local milk industry. Today India is in a position to export milk. We should think carefully what our policy ought to be on tariff issues. So the Ministry would like to get into that exercise and help government make a declaration of its policy on tariffs. Similarly, there are other issues of industrial policy like the BOI and the non BOI regime. I am sure most of you are aware that the same industry within the BOI enjoys certain privileges which are not available to a similar non BOI industry operating in Sri Lanka. The budget has tried to take those differences away and unify the system. Similar issues are there on industrial policy with regard to environment, location of industries and the zones. All those areas are matters on which the Ministry wants to focus its attention. A third area is entrepreneurship development. Sri Lanka has a history of being a protected economy. We have few entrepreneurs in the country. Much less than the desired number we would need in a market economy. We have over the years got our people used to a static, comfortable state of affairs where risk taking is no more in our genes. We need to take some steps in the universities and in the schools to inculcate the spirit of entrepreneurship in our future generations.   There is an excellent programme in schools, executed with the collaboration of an American organisation for creating entrepreneurship in the schools. There are 300 schools that have formed companies with the students. They produce and market products. We need similar exercises like the incubation programmes, the Vasanthaya Programme, and so on to create enterpreneurs in the country. Thus, the third area that we would like to get into is to invest in entrepreneur development. A fourth area that the Ministry would like to get into is small and medium industry.   With the assistance of the Asian Development Bank, we are now engaged in the process of finishing a white paper which will outline the strategy for development of SME industry in the county for the next five years. There is a short term plan and a medium and long term plan. That paper will be out for public scrutiny. There will be public hearings held about the white paper throughout the country. And we intend publishing and implementing the proposals embodied in that white paper.   These four areas are not sector specific. They cut across all sectors. In fact, without having a conducive macro environment, a rational industrial policy and entrepreneurs, I do not think we can develop industry. And the Ministry would devote much attention to those areas in the forthcoming years.   But, that alone will not do. There are sector specific problems and we need to get involved with such issues. For that purpose, we have selected 15 sectors based on two studies done for Sri Lanka. One, the JICA sponsored, Japanese assisted study, and the other, the USAID Competitiveness study. Based on those two studies we have selected 15 sectors and formed task forces in each of these sectors. 14 have already been formed. These task forces are led by the private sector and the Ministry only has a director who acts as the secretary to each task force.   The task force in each group will prepare a five year plan for the sector. The five year plan will have four elements. One, the state of the sector today in the country how many units are there, how many are employed, how much exports, what is the degree of technology, competitiveness in that particular sector. In other words, they will prepare a profile of the sector as it is today.   Secondly, they will do a SWOT analysis for that industry. They would look at the strengths and weaknesses of that industry in Sri Lanka and analyse the opportunities and threats faced by that industry. Thirdly, they would decide what would be reasonable targets for that sector to achieve in five years. They will create a vision for the sector in terms of increased number of units, increased exports and increased employment. And lastly, they will specify what they want the government to do in order to help them realize their vision. A simple five year plan is to be prepared by all 15 sectors. Two sectors have already completed their assignment and handed over the documents to the Ministry. The Ministry will monitor them and help them reach those targets. There could be policy changes that are required. Areas in which the industry needs the support of the Government as identified in these sector studies will receive the attention of the Ministry.   In reinventing the Ministry to playing that role of facilitator and catalyst, there is a tremendous contribution that the Ministry could make for industry. It is a challenge that I and my colleagues in the Ministry are eager to take on. PEST analysis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  (Redirected from  PESTLE) PEST analysis  stands for Political,  Economic,  Social, and  Technological analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the  environmental scanning  component of  strategic management. Some analysts added  Legal and rearranged the mnemonic to SLEPT;1  inserting  Environmental factors expanded it to PESTEL or PESTLE, which is popular in the UK.2  The model has recently been further extended to STEEPLE and STEEPLED, adding education and  demographicfactors. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing  market research, and gives an overview of the different macroenvironmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to  green business  and encouraged widespread use of an updated version of the PEST framework. STEER analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. Contents   [hide] 1HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#The_Model.27s_Factors  HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#The_Model.27s_FactorsThe Models Factors 2HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#Applicability_of_the_Factors  HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#Applicability_of_the_FactorsApplicability of the Factors 3HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#Use_of_PEST_analysis_with_other_models  HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#Use_of_PEST_analysis_with_other_modelsUse of PEST analysis with other models 4HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#See_also  HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#See_alsoSee also 5HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#References  HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#ReferencesReferences 6HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#External_links  HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-PESTLE#External_linksExternal links The Models Factors Political  factors, are how and to what degree a  government  intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as  tax policy,  labour law,  environmental law,  trade restrictions,  tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods  or merit bads). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the  health,  education, and  infrastructure  of a nation. Economic  factors include  economic growth,  interest rates,  exchange rates  and the  inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms  cost of HYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-Cost_of_capitalcapital  and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy Social  factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an aging population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Technological  factors include ecological and environmental aspects, such as  RHYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-RDHYPERLINK http://www.srilankadot.com/wiki-RDD  activity,  automation, technology incentives and the rate of  technological change. They can determine  barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence  outsourcing  decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to  innovation. Environmental  factors include weather, climate, and  climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance.Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offerit is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Legal  factors include  discrimination law,  consumer law,  antitrust law,  employment law, and  health and s

French Revolution vs The Romanian Revolution

French Revolution vs The Romanian Revolution Edy Lipianu Between the result of the French and Romanian Revolutions, which one greaterly affected the nations ideal optimistic perspectives of being a free nation? Well while Romania, which turned into a democratic nation after the dictator Ceaușescus execution, France unfortunately wound up with a military autocracy after Napoleon finished King Louis XVI supreme government. Was Napoleon military rule that awful for the French residents and was the democratic system of Romania even that useful for the Romanians? Looking at the two may help discover which one really turned out to be to a greater degree a free nation after their interesting revolutions.. While France was governed briefly by the famous military pioneer, Napoleon Bonaparte from 1789-1790, his rule was not as unforgiving as King Louis. He brought down charges intensely, permitted laborers to eat, and gave more rights to men, yet very few for ladies, shockingly. He gave individuals an essence of religious flexibility, better instruction, and sensible law. The French Revolution completely changed the social and political structure of France. It finished up the French government and its dread and finished political power from the Catholic church. It passed on an illumination to Europe including flexibility and freedom for the normal individual and furthermore the abolishment of servitude and the benefits of women. In spite of the way that the surprise completed with the climb of Napoleon, the musings and changes did not pass on. These new contemplations continued influencing Europe and shaped an expansive number of Europes front line governments. This was a period of ideological, political and social change in the political history of France and Europe all things considered, in the midst of which the French federation, as of now an inside and out government with primitive advantages for the nobility and Catholic pastorate, experienced radical change to outlines in light of Enlightenment measures of republicanism, citizenship, and rights. These movements were joined by horrible turmoil, including executions and concealment in the midst of the Reign of Terror and battling including each other huge European power. The Revolution was at first an acclaimed uprising against the through and through impact of the ruler and against their advantages and was executed for flexibility, value, and society. In reality, it incited to the loss of flexibility, dictatorship, and patriotism. The revolt relied on upon a hatred of tradition and yearning to use the force of the state to make another demand. People were given better approaches for life as nationals of the state. To crush the impenetrability to revolt and the new demand around 18,000 40,000 people were executed. The Romanian Revolution began as a notable revolt in Timisoara. After Ceaușescu was toppled, an affiliation named National Salvation Front, confined abruptly by second-rank companion party people repudiated to the methodologies of Ceaușescu and non-cooperated individuals in the revolt. Iliescu was promptly perceived as the pioneer of the affiliation and thusly of the transitory master. Romanias new individual in control, who was president from 1988-1996 and gave the subjects of new Romania an essence of vote based flexibility. That is the point at which another constitution was made giving everybody every one of the rights that truly demonstrated to individuals proper methodologies to live similarly in agreement. Iliescu proposed multi-party choices and a special vote based framework. This is extensively held to have inferred the determination of Perestroika-style changes rather than the aggregate ejection of existing establishments; it can be associated with the warm assembl ing the new organization was given by Mikhail Gorbachev and the straggling leftovers of the Soviet activity and the way that the fundamental post-dynamic overall comprehension set apart by Romania was with that country. Iliescu did not deny Communist reasoning and the program he at initially showed in the midst of the revolution included reconstructing the cultivating and the revision of trade, yet not a change to private enterprise. These points of view were held by various people from the FSN as well, for instance, Silviu Brucan, who declared in mid-1990 that the change was against Ceaușescu, not against socialism. Iliescu later evoked the probability of endeavoring a Swedish model of socialism. Gossipy tidbits prospered for a significant long time that Iliescu and other second-rank Communists had been needing to topple Ceaușescu, in any case, the events of December 1989 overpowered them. For instance, Nicolae Militaru, the new organizations first insurance serve, said that Iliescu and others had needed to take Ceaușescu prisoner in February 1990 while he was Out of the capital. Regardless, Iliescu denies this, saying the method for the Ceaușescu organization-particularly the Securitates ubiquity-made early plan for a miracle everything aside from outlandish. The French were soothed from King Louis XVIs total government and that was certainly a decent begin for their nation, everything showed signs of improvement in little ways, and individuals got the chance to live feeling free, they thought Napoleon was a saint. Napoleon had a broad and intense impact on the present day world, conveying liberal changes to the various domains that he vanquished and controlled, for example, the Low Countries, Switzerland, and extensive parts of cutting edge Italy and Germany. He executed central liberal arrangements in France and all through Western Europe.His lawful accomplishment, the Napoleonic Code, has affected the legitimate frameworks of more than 70 countries around the globe. Both of the nations ended up effectively showing signs of improvement after their insurgencies. Be that as it may, between the result of the French and Romanian Revolutions, Romania greaterly affected the nations general hopeful perspectives of being a free nation. Romania, which turned into a law based nation after the tyrant Ceaușescus execution, gave individuals more rights and everybody was equivalent. To the degree of opportunity, Romanias Revolution improved the nation a much place for its inhabitants. SOURCES: Book: Napoleon: A Life The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny by Ian Davidson http://www.becparlamentare2008.ro/rezul/part_tara_100.pdf http://www.ft.com/cms/s/d3be5f1a-ee6e-11db-b5e9-000b5df10621.html https://archive.org/stream/codenapoleonorf00statgoog#page/n4/mode/2up http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT00000607072 1dateTexte=20080121 http://www.historytoday.com/marisa-linton/robespierre-and-terror http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20050526.shtml http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/august10.html https://books.google.com/?id=bFQ6VO1sFGsCpg=PA139lpg=PA139dq=G ospriyomka+gorbachev#v=onepageq=Gospriyomka%20gorbachevf=false http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/40551/seweryn-bialer-and-joan-afferica/sp ecial-supplement-the-genesis-of-gorbachevs-world https://books.google.com/books?id=9O15MzNKMuoClpg=PP1pg=PA89#v= onepageqf=false http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/politica/Ce_s-a_ales_de_primul_Guvern_postd Ecembrist_0_617938566.html http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/romania/tudor.html http://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/mineriadele-anului-1990-democratia-sub-bate-898037.html http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/c_code.html http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123270568/abstract http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/405364/National-Salvation-Front EXTRAS http://www.history5

The Visual Re-Creation of Orpheus :: Jean Cocteau film Orpheus

The Visual Re-Creation of Orpheus Jean Cocteau’s film Orpheus (1949) is an adaptation of the Greek mythological figure of the same name. The alteration of the story into the visual medium of cinema is an interesting one. The use of cinematography in the film is creative, and it incorporates the essence of the myth with Cocteau’s own allegorical imagery. The symbolism of characters and events accompanied by the use of visual effects create a message that is uniquely significant. The special effects are the primary contributor to the distinctive features of Cocteau’s revision of the literary version. The devices that are incorporated in Orpheus, such as running the film backwards (the inversion of time) and using the photographic negative in some environments (inversion of space), function in numerous ways. On the surface, they add a mystique to the diegetic world that connotes the supernatural and uncanny nature of the narrative. In a more subtle way, however, they function psychologically to expose the viewer to the functions and subordinate machinations of the visual medium. In a way that is unique to the cinema, the special effects disrupt the pleasant continuity of the viewer. This disjunction is inherent in the ethereal nature of their circumstances and concomitant with its mythic origin. The psychological fraction of cinema is the specialty of Jean-Louis Baudry in Ideological Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus. He champions the idea that in order for the ideological infrastructure of a film to be successful, it must abide by certain filmic rules and not remind the viewer that they are simply witness to a representation (rather than a presentation, or a reality). The moral of the Orphic myth, â€Å"Don’t look back,† seems to be a historical analog of Baudry’s thesis. The warning itself applies to both Orpheus and the viewer of the film (â€Å"Don’t look at Eurydice†, and â€Å"Don’t look at the apparatus†). In this respect, the message of the Orphic myth is similarly the message of Cocteau, from a cinematic standpoint. Thus, it is the particular circumstances of the cinematic medium that multiply the efficacy of Orpheus. For proof of Cocteau’s intention in creating this meaning, his previous film with actor Jean Marais serves as the best example. Beauty and the Beast (1946) begins with a note to the viewer to remain focused on the â€Å"Once Upon a Time† mentality while watching the movie. This preface is another example of the intentional shift of focus away from the awareness of representation and towards a passive viewing experience. Later in the film, a mirror speaks to the protagonist: â€Å"I am your mirror, Belle. The Visual Re-Creation of Orpheus :: Jean Cocteau film Orpheus The Visual Re-Creation of Orpheus Jean Cocteau’s film Orpheus (1949) is an adaptation of the Greek mythological figure of the same name. The alteration of the story into the visual medium of cinema is an interesting one. The use of cinematography in the film is creative, and it incorporates the essence of the myth with Cocteau’s own allegorical imagery. The symbolism of characters and events accompanied by the use of visual effects create a message that is uniquely significant. The special effects are the primary contributor to the distinctive features of Cocteau’s revision of the literary version. The devices that are incorporated in Orpheus, such as running the film backwards (the inversion of time) and using the photographic negative in some environments (inversion of space), function in numerous ways. On the surface, they add a mystique to the diegetic world that connotes the supernatural and uncanny nature of the narrative. In a more subtle way, however, they function psychologically to expose the viewer to the functions and subordinate machinations of the visual medium. In a way that is unique to the cinema, the special effects disrupt the pleasant continuity of the viewer. This disjunction is inherent in the ethereal nature of their circumstances and concomitant with its mythic origin. The psychological fraction of cinema is the specialty of Jean-Louis Baudry in Ideological Effects of the Basic Cinematographic Apparatus. He champions the idea that in order for the ideological infrastructure of a film to be successful, it must abide by certain filmic rules and not remind the viewer that they are simply witness to a representation (rather than a presentation, or a reality). The moral of the Orphic myth, â€Å"Don’t look back,† seems to be a historical analog of Baudry’s thesis. The warning itself applies to both Orpheus and the viewer of the film (â€Å"Don’t look at Eurydice†, and â€Å"Don’t look at the apparatus†). In this respect, the message of the Orphic myth is similarly the message of Cocteau, from a cinematic standpoint. Thus, it is the particular circumstances of the cinematic medium that multiply the efficacy of Orpheus. For proof of Cocteau’s intention in creating this meaning, his previous film with actor Jean Marais serves as the best example. Beauty and the Beast (1946) begins with a note to the viewer to remain focused on the â€Å"Once Upon a Time† mentality while watching the movie. This preface is another example of the intentional shift of focus away from the awareness of representation and towards a passive viewing experience. Later in the film, a mirror speaks to the protagonist: â€Å"I am your mirror, Belle.

Liberalism And Freedom Essay -- essays research papers fc

Liberalism and Freedom Liberalism is a force that has produced change from the birth of this nation to the politics of today. Liberal tenets have been a basis of thought and action in American politics since well before the signing of the Constitution. Certainly, liberalism has had to transform in order to remain a legitimate force throughout the years. When considering this transformation, one may ask whether or not the ideas and goals of classical liberalism have been lost in the conversion into modern liberalism. In order to answer this, the areas of freedom, the role of government, human nature, and the function of law should be addressed. While this may not be a complete register of change in liberalism, research into these subjects can provide strong indications toward the nature of this transition. Objectively, the evidence suggests that many of the ideas of classical liberalism were either abandoned or changed fundamentally when America entered the modern era. Freedom The idea of freedom has been a paramount concern of liberalism throughout history. Consider the classical ideas of religious freedom, the right to resist and the inherent right of every individual to be independent. These were some of the main focuses of classical liberalism in early America. On religious freedom, seventeenth century minister Roger Williams wrote: "All Civill States with their Officers of justice in their respectiveconstitutions and administrations are proved essentially Civill, and therefore not judges, governours or defendours of the spirituall or christian state and worship." (Volkomer, 50) This quote is notable because it illustrates the early liberal ideas of religious freedom by stating that government officials have no right to pass judgment on religious practices. In furtherance of his views, Williams founded a colony at Plymouth and contributed to the development of religious tolerance in the new world. Religious tolerance meant that a nation with multiple religions need no longer mean a country with internal strife and civil insurrection due to intolerance (Volkomer, 1969). The notion of religious open- mindedness helped pave the way for individual independence by suggesting that people were able to determine their own fundamental beliefs. The right of ind... ...rrelationship helps ensure liberalism's role in bringing about change in the future. Bibliography An Introduction to the Philosophy of Law: New Haven; Yale University Press, 1922 The Relevence of Liberalism; Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 1978 Beiner, Ronald: What's the Matter With Liberlism? University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1992 De Tocqueville, Alexis: Democracy in America; Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, England, 1984 Dewey, John: Liberalism and Social Action; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1935 Dietze, Gottfried: Liberalism Proper and Proper Liberalism, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1985 Dunbar, Leslie: Reclaiming Liberalism, WW Norton & Co., New York, 1991 Gerstle, Gary: "The Protean Nature of American Liberalism", The American Historical Review, October 10, 1994, American Historical Review, New York, New York Kotkin, Joel: "What's Wrong With Liberalism"; The American Enterprise, Jan/Feb 1996 Vol. 7 No. 1, The American Enterprise Institute, Washington D.C. Lewis, Edward: A History Of Political Thought, The Macmillan Co., New York, 1937 Mansfield, Harvey: The Spirit of Liberalism, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1978

Huck Finn Should Not Be Banned Essay

High Schools in the United States should not ban The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This book is one of the most important components of American literature in our libraries today, it throws the reader into a time when slavery was lawful and accepted, and gives the reader a new perspective on slavery in general. Until civil rights groups can come up with a better argument than the word â€Å"nigger† creating a â€Å"hostile work environment†(Zwick) it should not be taken off the required reading list of any High School in the country. Every one hundred years dialects change and what is considered â€Å"politically correct†, or socially acceptable, changes. â€Å"David Bradley argues that ‘if we’d eradicated the problem of racism in our society, Huckleberry Finn would be the easiest book in the world to teach’† (Zwick, Jim. â€Å"Should Huckleberry Finn Be Banned?†). If we, as a nation, make it a point to rule out all books that could possibly offend students, then every hundred years or so our library of American Literature will be completely different. Even today, modern day authors use vulgar language, lurid sexual content, and racial slurs to get their point across. If The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is taken off of required reading lists across the country, then that could create a never-ending cycle of books being taken off of school shelves every time words and ideas become unacceptable. If this is the way that American society is turning then something must be don e, and the Superintendents, Deans, and Principals of every High School around the country must take it upon themselves to do it because the students will not. The people who are trying to ban The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are only trying to block out a part of American history that they would just as soon be forgotten, but every part of American history needs to be dealt with and accepted by everyone at a young age. Trying to shield students from any important part of history is a crime within itself. Hannibal, Missouri is a prime example of this type of crime. Every year they have a citywide celebration of Mark Twain, but they do not celebrate The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn or The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson nor do they teach it in their schools. Best stated by Shelly Fisher Fishkin, the theater company in Hannibal â€Å"was upholding a long American tradition of making slavery and its legacy and blacks themselves invisible†(Zwick, Jim. â€Å"Should Huckleberry Finn Be Banned?†). This just shows how foolish many parts of America can be; they embrace him and call him a genius in one aspect, but they convenien tly don’t seem to notice his genius in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because they are too distracted by the language and actions of Huckleberry Finn himself. Just because a book has some offensive content is not enough of a reason to ban a book, the general value of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn greatly overshadows any offensive language it may contain. It shows how the American public thought back then, their morals, and their way of life. It was simply they way they were brought up. In Chapter 32 of Huckleberry Finn Aunt Sally asks if anyone was hurt in a steamboat accident, Huck replies, â€Å"No’m. Killed a nigger†(Twain 167). The subject is then closed because no â€Å"people† were harmed, and in their minds, nobody was. That is something that cannot be expressed in a textbook or a teacher with the same degree of authenticity. The book immerses the student in a time where slavery was accepted. Teachers taught it, pastors preached it, mayors practiced it, and children saw absolutely nothing wrong with it because that is how they had been brought up. Huckleberry, however, was not raised â€Å"proper† an d so had an almost completely clean head about the subject â€Å"The Widow Douglas, she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time† (Twain 1). He saw Jim as a person and was even willing to go to hell to protect him. Just his use of the word â€Å"nigger† did not make him a bad person; it was exactly the way people talked back in that period of time. The book tries to show that black people were just as human as white people and was probably the most blatant anti-slavery book of the time, â€Å"many scholars consider it a staunchly antiracist novel†(Zwick, Jim. â€Å"Should Huckleberry Finn Be Banned?†). If only that idea was appreciated today, the book would come across as a classic instead of a source of debate. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an avid anti-slavery novel, and despite flawed criticism from close-minded individuals, is one of the finest windows into a dark period of history that we all must deal with. One will not completely understand the way of life when slavery was accepted until they have read an entirely unbiased and uncensored book written during that time and dealing with the topic of slavery.