The Wife of Bath: a Symbol of Antifeminism

The Wife of Bath A Symbol of Antifeminism Evelyn Cunningham, feminist advocate and journalist states, Women are the moreover oppressed group in our society that lives in intimate association with their oppressors, this quote was said by Evelyn Cunningham a feminist advocate and journalist. This quote still holds true not only in todays society but in literature are well. It is no secret that women in literature are seen as little than equal to men. This is especially true about The Wife of Bath of Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales.The Canterbury Tales divides the story of a group of people making a pilgrimage and tell stories to pass the time. The characters in The Canterbury Tales comment on society through the tales they tell. One of those characters is The Wife of Bath whose extended prologue is a fictional autobiography. The Wife of Baths prologue and tale display Chaucers antifeminist idea to society Chaucer, the author behind The Wife, uses her to demean women stimulat eually, mentally, and socially.Chaucer writes The Wife of Bath to have no boundaries when talking about sex, and in the middle ages this was very much frowned upon. The Wifes sexual forwardness digest be seen in the prologue, Chaucer writes, Experience, though noon auctoritee / Were in this world, were right y-nough to me / To speke of wo that is in marriage(). The experience she is referring to is of course sex. Chaucer has her boasting about how much sexual experience she has. How much sexual experience one has is highly inappropriate for a woman of any time era to boast about.By showing off how experienced she is in the bedroom, Chaucer makes the Wife of Bath sexually objectify herself. Thus, Chaucer is making the line of reasoning that women should only be seen as sexual objects and should be placed submissively to men, and thus demeans the female race in a sexual manner. Chaucer has the Wife misquote the Bible in her prologue. During the middle ages the Bible was not translat ed so it was not widely known. The fact that Chaucer has The Wife misquote the Bible is making women into a lampoon because there is no way she would even have this information. Makes her look stupid and single minded. Trying to come up with arguments why its ok to have sex and marry multiple time. Twists it around to defend herself. Quotes half verses, distorts what little she knows. However, Chaucer writes so that The Wife of Bath completely misinterprets the Bible and therefore is humiliating women in a mental way for instance, Chaucer writes, But this word is nat take of every wight, / But ther as deity list give it of his might. I woot wel, that thapostel was a mayde / But natheless, thogh that he wroot and sayde, / He wolde that every wight were swich as he, / Al nis but conseil to virginitee Because The Wife is publically announcing her misconception of the Bible it shows that Chaucer considered women to be mentally below men and shows that he employ The Wife of Bath to sp read his antifeminist ideas to society. Chaucer uses The Wife of Bath to show women in a clean light. In her prologue, The Wife of Bath says that she has been married five times and hopes to be married a sixth for example, general prologue liberal quote.Wants to get married again for sex not companionship Chaucer wirtes, For, lordinges, sith I twelf yeer was of age, / Thonked be God that is eterne on lyve, / Housbondes at chirche-dore I have had fyve The Wife of Bath does not marry for love, she marries so she can have sex. This can be seen as promiscuous behavior because she is casually marrying to casually have sex. Chaucer uses the Wife of Bath to socially demean women because he makes The Wife of Bath take part in promiscuous behavior.Throughout literature and history women have constantly been seen as less equal to the male race. This is evident in Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer uses The Wife of Bath as a symbol for the female race and through his story he di splays his antifeminist views sexually, mentally and socially. Whether women are better than men I cannot say but I can say they are certainly no worse, this quotes should be kept in mind while reading The Canterbury Tales because Cahucer imposes his antifeminist views on his readers.Talks about husbands as macrocosm in control of them and brags about her faults of stereotype of women. Accused husbands of cheating when it was really me. Spent all their money. Fourth husband cheated on him. Fifth husband younger. 1 . lines 4-6 2 . Golda Meir feminist activist

Marketing Strategy at Ikea Essay

SynopsisThe case study is to discuss about the different strategy used by IKEA to approach their clients. It is besides talking about the localization concept from a global company establish on the cultural demand from different countries worldwide. IKEA is likewise famous for their less expensive piece of piece of furniture, has some other strategies to reach the customers based on their privations. 4 Ps concept plays a very(prenominal) important power on IKEAs success besides the way of shopping which is differ from all other their competitor.Company Background1920sAt the age of tailfin Ingvar Kamprad starts selling matches to his next door neighbors and by the time he is seven, he starts selling to that neighborhood, using his bicycle. He buy matches in bulky poem cheap and re-sell them individually at a very first price but still distinguish a good profit. From selling matches he expands to selling flower seeds, greeting cards, Christmas tree decorations, and later pencils and ball-point pens.1940s-1950sThe roots of a furniture dealer, Ingvar Kamprad is entrepreneurial in developing IKEA into a furniture seller. This period sees the exploration of furniture design, self assembly, advertising, the use of a catalogue and a showroom to reach the many people.1960s-1970sThe IKEA concept starts to take place. New IKEA stores opened and hero harvest-feasts be essential such as PONG, KLIPPAN and BILLY bookcase. It is a time where concept takes shape and is documented in Ingvar Kamprads The Testament of a Furniture Dealer. mid-eightiesIKEA expands dramatically into new markets such as USA, Italy, France and the UK. More IKEA classics arrive such as LACK and MOMENT. IKEA begins to takethe form of todays modern IKEA. ninetiesIKEA grows more by introducing Childrens IKEA and the focus is on home furnishing solutions to meet the needs of families with children. The IKEA Group is formed and responsibility for people and the environment is seen as a prer equisite for doing good business.2000sIKEA expands into new markets such as Japan and Russia. Everything for the bedroom and kitchen is explored and presented in coordinated furnishing solutions. This period also sees the successes of several partnerships regarding social and environmental projects.IKEAs Vision and Business IdeaIKEAs vision is to ca-ca a better everyday life for the many people. Their business idea supports this vision by offering a wide telescope of well-designed, functional home furnishing harvest-festivals at prices so low that as many people as possible forget be able to afford them.IKEAs mission People boast very thin wallet. We should take c ar of their interests.IKEAs Product RangeIngvar KampradThe IKEA product range focuses on good design and function at a low price. It offers home furnishing solutions for every room in the home. It has something for the romantic at heart, the minimalist and everyone in between. It is coordinated so that no matter whic h style you prefer our designers and product developers work hard to ensure that our products meet your day-to-day needs and eliminates the unnecessary.IKEAs meek PricesLow prices are the cornerstone of the IKEA vision and our business idea. The basic thinking behind all IKEA products is that low prices make well-designed, functional home furnishings available to everyone. We are constantly trying to do everything a little better, a little simpler, more efficiently and always court-effectively.A better everyday lifeWe have taken the straightforward approach to the furniture business, by starting with developing furniture with the price tag in mind. This is the IKEA way, to maximize the use of raw materials in order to fulfill peoples needs and preferences by offering quality products at an affordable price.Social & Environmental ResponsibilityIn 2004, IKEA produce their first Social and Environmental Responsibility report. IKEA believes good society is good for IKEA with the pass ionate to create successful business in a responsible manner. Thats the reason sustainability is very important for IKEAs strategic direction. Prioritizing sustainability drives further innovation and development. Managing resources with new ways to do things and developing skill set and expertise are very important in driving IKEAs business.As a company with low price product must be a low cost company which include earths limited resources usage in a good manner. IKEA has made tremendous and valuable contribution crossways the world. Forests of Siberia, cotton fields of India, homes in New York, Lisbon and Shanghai are good examples of sustainability.IKEA blue bags are big, sturdy and sustainable. Out with plastic bags In with reusable bags deck up analysisIKEAs objectives are easily achieved via their SWOT analysis and it is astrategic planning similarlyl too. It helps the business to focus on distinguish issues. SWOT is the first step of planning based on the Strengths, Weak nesses, Opportunities and Threats involved in a business.Strengths and weaknesses are internal aspects and it is within the control of the business. They may refer to aspects of marketing, finance, manufacturing or organization. Opportunities and threats are external factors and they are outside the control of the business. These may include the environment, the economic situation, social changes or technological advances, such as the internet.StrengthsStrengths could include a companys specialist marketing expertise or its location. IKEAs strong suits includea.Low cost structureAt any economic situation, IKEA able to throw the profit margin due to their affordable products. IKEA buy the products in bulk from suppliers with a lower price and get their customers to assemble the product by themselves, which gives customer a lower price product. Their long term partnership with their suppliers also ensures they have access to high quality material at reasonable prices. Their furnitur e is stylish, modern and functional. The companys low cost structure is able to meet the customers need at any point of economic condition.b.SustainabilityIKEAs cost effective and Social & Environmental Responsibility concept is a unique strength of IKEA compare to their other competitors. IKEA use renewable, reusable and recycled materials as much as possible. Example, IKEAs catalogues are printed in chlorine-free paper and contain at least 10% to 15% post consumer waste. All of their products come in cardboard, compact advancement for easy use and recyclability. These make IKEAoutstanding from their competitors.OpportunitiesA business uses its strengths to take advantage of the opportunities that arise. IKEA believes that its environmentally focused business conduct will result in good returns even in a price sensitive market.Some of the opportunities that IKEA takes advantage of through its sustainability agenda are a.IKEA can further invest on the go green movement and IKEAs cu stomers desire to have less of an impact on the environment. This concept is also denoting the demand for cheaper and greener products.b.Sustainability can be further maintained by offer tips and ideas online for customers to create a more sustainable home in any part of the world. It can also help to shrink carbon footprint by packaging in less material. .Weaknesses and threatsWeaknessesIKEA has to acknowledge its weaknesses in order to improve and manage them. This can play a key role in helping it to set objectives and develop new strategies. IKEAs weaknesses may includea.The sizeIKEA is a warehouse style shopping centre. Because of their huge size, there are not enough people in a smaller region to maintain a store at that size. to a fault, IKEA chance on it demanding to penetrate a small market because they offer only home furnishing. Unlikely company like Target offer home furnishing besides clothing, groceries and also technology.b.The need for low cost products.This needs to be balanced against producing good quality products too. They are also need to differentiate itself and its products from other competitors. IKEA believes there is no compromise between being able to offer good quality products and low prices.c.CommunicationCommunication or updates on their environmental activities with its consumers and stakeholders must be conformable and up to date. IKEA produces publications in print and online (for example People and the Environment) and carries out major TV and radio campaigns to enable the business to communicate with different post audiences.ThreatsIf a company is aware of possible external threats, it can plan to counteract them. By generating new ideas, IKEA can use a particular strength to defend against threats in the market. Threats to IKEA may stem froma.CompetitionMore competitors are now entering the low price household and furnishings markets. Example home plate Depot is the second largest retailer in the world and also a hug e threat for IKEA. Home Depot also provides hardware, lumber, kitchen appliances, furniture and many other products. IKEA needs to honour its unique qualities to compete with this kind of giants.Question 1 What are some of the things IKEA is doing right to reach consumers in different markets? What else could it be doing?IKEA Group operating 301 stores in 41 countries worldwide (IKEA statistics 2012) including franchisees. IKEAs marketing strategy starts with their business concept as stated in IKEAs vision statement The IKEA vision is to create a better everyday life for the many people. We make this possible byoffering a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing product at prices so low that as many people as possible can afford them. (IKEA Corporate Website)IKEA has a principle to work in the same way in every country. This standardized approach provides operational advantages besides some disadvantages due to the different markets. Based on the marketing miscell anea which starts with product strategy, product covers more than the physical goods that a company wants to sell. It is the goods & service combination that a company offers to the target market.Thus, IKEA offers a whole range of product with the pricing which supposed to be the same (95%) with very small adaptations for all countries and in all stores worldwide. The pricing of products are comparatively low to what the consumers can find in a competing store. The basic aim of IKEA is to deliver high value at a low price. IKEA has been cutting price in most of the countries.IKEA is also source its products from various companies all over the world rather than a small number of suppliers like many of the retailers do. IKEA has 1,300 suppliers from 53 countries, who can put out products as per local taste based on their needs.Most of the IKEA stores are placed out of city centre, out of town location due to a lower land cost and traffic access. Exceptional for UK stores (Coventry 2 007 & Southampton 2009) located in city centre as a response to UK government restrictions blocking retail establishment outside city centers. It is a seven floors store with a different flow compare to other IKEA stores. Normally the stores will be 2 floors with a car parking availability and also comes with restaurants. The restaurants sell foods according to the local taste and also it opens daily forwards the rest of the stores. Example in Canada, breakfast includes eggs, sausage, and hash browns and various add-ons like bacon and pancakes at additional costs. In the United States, the local variation serves scrambled eggs, bacon, country potatoes and choice of Swedish pancakes or French toast sticks.The selling environment and service of IKEA stores are also adjusted to fit with local taste. Example like DIY concept is fully current by Sweden and UK where the consumers believe thats the price they pay for the low prices products. Whereby in China, DIY concept is new to them because of the cheap labor and the prices are also not sensed as generally low.Q1.1What else could it be doing?1.Developing competitive advantage because IKEA has a low cost structure, they should be able to expand online market easily without incurring too much additional costs. IKEA also should look at an expansion to the West Coast, particularly California. Also, expansion into regions with enough people to sustain a store of their size. 2.Developing a strategic focus going online is not only reaching potential customers in less populated area, it is also will help customers to catch up with competitors. Besides that, younger people (Gen Y) willing to buy online more compare to the older people.Question 2 IKEA has essentially changed the way people shop for furniture. talk over the pros and cons of this strategy.Factors that encourage customers choice of visit to IKEA Prosi.Social motives for the customer the shoppers go in group since the outlet is huge and it will take ti me to shop. Also the location is far from city. Its a kind of short trip instead of shop-visit which consume a lot of time and they prefer to go in a group (friends or family).ii.Availability of other services and amenities Restaurants (food and beverages) and baby-sitting services within the stores which gives a greater convenient to all customer. Parking is also not an issue since most of the stores located far from the city.iii.Information availability online info is more useful. Customers cansurf online catalogues in various languages for inspiration and planning purpose before go to the store. This will also help them to catch up with their competitors. Younger contemporaries will be also attracted with this online concept because they are the IT savvy generation compare to the older generation who is still a little doubt about buying online. iv.Access Operating hours are good. Long hours on weekend very helpful for those customers work odd hours and also busy on weekdays.v .Speed of delivery no waiting time as they go and pick up their products.Factors that admonish customers choice of visit to IKEA Consi.Design the color and bulbs used make the environment dull. Less store assistants and the routes are very long also make customers not really prefer to shop in IKEA. Customers feel bored when they are required to follow one special route instead go direct to the product that they want to purchase.ii.Product availability difficult to find, stored somewhere else, arrange in an illogical order. Also, ONLY furniture available in IKEA unlikely Home Depot provides all kind of products / items beside furniture.iii.Amount of shopping time it is time consuming. The route makes them to go through all products and to get the product seen before must go a big turn again. Also, customers ended up buying more than planned as going thru all the display products.iv.Assemble yourself most of the IKEA products are need to be assembled by customers themselves. If youre a handyman, or someone experienced with tools, it is fine. But for the normal men or even women, assembling some pieces baron be slightly difficult. Also it can be ended up doing something wrong.ConclusionIn conclusion, IKEA is a good place to shop furniture with a lot of different designs. Less expensive furniture made IKEA grow consistently around the world. IKEA has their own way of sustaining their business for decades. The overall identity of IKEA is based in Smland, historical and thrift are strong characteristics of the region and its people. All IKEA policies live up to this standard from the products that they sell.Exhibit 1 Facts & Figures FY2011References1.The Testament of a Furniture Dealer A Little IKEA Dictionary by Ingvar Kamprad (founder). Published by Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 20072.Standardized Marketing Strategies in Retailing? IKEAs marketing Strategies in Sweden, the UK and China by Steve Burt, University of Stirling, 2008.3.IKEA Facts and Figures -2011 http//www.ikea.com/ms/en_AU/pdf/yearly_summary/Welcome_inside_2011.pdf4.Student Info IKEA http//www.ikea.com/ms/en_GB/about_ikea/press_room/student_info.html5.The IKEA Experience A case study on how different factors in retail environment incite customer experience by Rebecka Isaksson & Mirela Suljanovic.6.History IKEA http//www.ikea.com/ms/en_GB/about_ikea/the_ikea_way/history/index.html7.Introduction SWOT analysis and sustainable business planning IKEA case studies and information The Times 100 http//businesscasestudies.co.uk/ikea/swot-analysis-and-sustainable-business-planning/introduction.html8.IKEA internationalistic A.S. History & Company Profilehttp//www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/ikea-international-a-s-history/9.Kerry Capell, IKEA How the Sweedish Retailer Became a Global Cult Brand, BusinessWeek, November 14, 200510.IKEA group corporate site n.d., About the IKEA Group. Cited from (08.05.2009) http//193.108.42.168/?ID=25

Creation Science Essay

Creation science is a controversial nature poll founded on principle that the existence of the cosmos is as a result of supernatural causes (Browning, 1997). Also referred to as scientific creationism, the study combines creation concepts mainly from the Christian and Islamic understanding with scientific discoveries. The creation accounts described in the book of Genesis from the Holy Bible and the Quran ar supported by Creation Science programs taught in some universities.These programs attempt to show how scientific discoveries ar more consistent with creation accounts than they are with evolutionary theories suggested by earlier scientists such as Darwin (Browning, 1997). While such creation science concepts sometimes make some controversies, there should be no such problems and science and faith should be allowed to mingle. The most astounding problem is that science relies on empiricism turn faith depends on believing on the unseen. However, science should be understood as mans endeavors in understanding his universe and it is not unscientific to believe in deliberate creation of life.There are a number of evidences in the Holy Bible that can be used to study the modern Earth. For instance, the Great Flood in the story of Noah provides an understanding to the geological features in todays Earth (Browning, 1997). In general, creation science should be supported to realize a large number of scientists supporting the paradigm that God creatively designed and formed the Earth while applying the scientific methods in gaining a deeper understanding to the question on the origin of life and the universe.The fields such as biblical archaeology and chronology, cosmology and philosophy of science are all the product of creation science and thus the thinking of creation science should be upheld to find answers to some of the questions pure science and pure religion fail to address. Reference Browning, J. D (1997). Noahs Ark A feasibility study. Retrieved July 21, 2010 from http//mall. turnpike. net/C/cs/ark/allnotes. doc

Focus on the learner Essay

A. Learners profileVirginia is a 29-year old native Spanish speaker born in Madrid. She is currently demanding a professional training course and whole shebang as an animal caretaker. She is one of the A2 or master(a) proficiency level scholars of the Celta Teacher Training computer programme at International ho call Language School. She took part of the same program two years ago, scarce she didnt continue studying incline afterwards.Virginia studied English in primary and secondary check following a traditional teaching method, which used grammar as the starting point and foundation, for the development of totally language skills speaking, learning, report, and reading, however there was relatively little focus on speaking and listening.As report by Virginia, she was exposed to explicit information about the structure of the language and to rules that she had to internalize through repetitions and run translation with little or no chance of participating in activities that encourage meaningful communication. This fact hindered the development of her speaking skills, and made her fail in her attempts to attain the necessary fluency and confidence to successfully communicate in English during her trips abroad.Knowledge of grammar without meaningful bore of the language is ineffective, as Jim Scrivener says thither is no point knowing a lot about language if you passelt use it (which sadly, has been the experience of many language learners in the noncurrent able to conjugate a verb, but unable to respond to a simple question) (Scrivener, 2005 146)As a result of the different frustrating situations she had to face when severe to make herself render in foreign countries, and due to her love for travelling, she developed an intrinsic motif to study English. She thinks English is a lingua franca that opens doors to other cultures, on the contrary, she doesnt have any extrinsic motivation as she doesnt need to speak English for any other purpos es than socializing and travelling.She is a participative scholarly person who has never spended a single out. Her favoriteactivities are the ones that foster speaking skills, especially role-plays or discussions in groups, because they give her the opportunity to interact with her classmates and communicate in trustworthy time about real or similar to real sustenance situations.Virginias learning style is visual a technique she uses in order to spell words is seeing the words in her head and she can better understand and remember ex political programations by writing them down or looking at pictures and diagramsShe claims that one of her strengths is her knowledge of grammar rules associated with verbs conglutination specifically the use of simple present and present continuous and adds that writing is the easiest among the four language skills, because writing tasks provide enough time to brainstorm and choose the correct language to express her ideas. Among her weaknesses s he mentioned her lack of fluency, because she has not time to think on the grammar rules when she speaks, especially when lecture about a aside event, as she just now ever knows whether the verb she wants to use is regular or occasional.B. Language problems and SolutionsAnalyzing Victorias output in class I could notice that she has two evident language problems one of them is the use of simple past of irregular verbs, and the other one is the differentiation of the vowel salutarys /a/ and //. I find these problems in the grammar and orthoepy areas genuinely interesting to analyze, because both of them are very common in Spanish native speakers learning ESL, therefore, finding engaging and interesting activities to overcome them could be helpful in similar cases in the future. Examples and solutions for the students language problems in the different areas are exposed belowGrammarVirginia struggles with using irregular verbs in the pastIm learning to surf. I buyed a surfboard . Im loving it although Im not very good. The teacher who teach me English when I was a child was not inexorable I lose the train this morning (neither the correct word has been chosen in this case miss, however, I only focus on the verb)In order to help Virginia with her problem in this grammar area, I have decided to use the activities of the lesson Girls night out unit 5, pages 56 and 57 of the Elementary students book New English File, Oxford University Press. The subject of the lesson revolves around a group of puppylike female journalist for a famous womens magazine who are asked to go out for the evening with her girlfriends, and then write a report about their experiences. The topic is engaging, as it suits Virginias age, gender, interest (tackles both(prenominal) cultural matters of different countries) and is quite close to her cultural background, considering that Spaniards are very sociable and much of their life is lived in the streets. The material exposes the stude nt to the structure through reading, listening and speaking activities.Virginia will have to gain which are the past tense of a set of irregular verbs from the text in order to do cipher 3A. Grammar (look at the reports again and find the past tense of these irregular verbs), and then listen and practice the pronunciation of the verbs in instance 3. B (listen and check, practice saying the verbs). She will as well as have the opportunity to fill in sentences with the correct form of the same irregular verbs in exercise 3C 1 and listen these verbs within a meaningful consideration in exercises 4 B and C (Listen to Silvia talking about their girls night out).In terms of speaking, the student will have to use the simple past of irregular verbs in the exercise 5C (Think about the last time you went out with friends, look at the questions and plan your answers) Virginia will have plenty of opportunities to see and use the target language as in real life communication.1 This exercis e send the student to the explanation on page 130 (5C) and to the exercise on page 131 (5C)PronunciationVirginia struggles with discriminating the /a/ and // sounds. I filled in a modification form for a diving school /dv/ The school has wifi /w f/The school has a library /lbrri/To help her to differentiate the pronunciation of the vowel sounds /a/ and //. I have chosen the lesson Wine, win, unit 5 of the book English Pronunciation in use, Cambridge University press pages 30 and 31. Besides providing explanatory pictures of mouth modulation for a better pronunciation (Section A and B), it offers exercises that focus exclusively on the different pronunciation of minimal pairs, which usually confuse foreign-born speakers, as Spanish does not differentiate between long and short vowels.Minimal pairs effectively serve pronunciation acquisition. When learners compare and contrast discrete sounds in the environment presented in minimal pairs, the importance of these sounds in denoting word meaning is transferred to their mind naturally. Experience shows that pronunciation classes make students more conscious of their own pronunciation and aware of ways in which their pronunciation differs from the model offered (Rajadurai, 2001 14)Virginia will have to spot the /a/ sound among minimal pairs in exercise A and the // sound in exercise B. The student will also have to discriminate and identify the words that have the/a/ or the // vowel sounds in exercise 11.1. (Make words with these beginnings and endings and write them in the correct part of the table) and in the exercise 11.2 (Read the dialogue. Circle the sound /a/ and underline the//).Despite the fact that this material doesnt approach pronunciation within a context similar to real life, it offers a lot of practice opportunity, which in my opinion as a foreign-born speaker of English is essential for the reason that Spanish phonological system is significantly different from that of English, peculiarly in the a spects of vowel sounds.ConclusionVirginias English lesson at school were focused on talking about the language rather than on talking in the language as a result, we can deduce that she was not exposed to proper and useful input since these type of classes do not contract that teachers be experts or even fluent in thelanguage. However, her motivation, along with the use of relevant and meaningful materials as the ones presented in this essay can help her to improve her language skills and attain proficiency in English as a result.ReferencesHancock, M (2003) English Pronunciation in Use. Cambridge University Press. Oxenden, C, Latham-Koening, C and Seligson, P. New English File, Elementary Student (2007). Oxford University Press. Scrivener, J (2005) Learning Teaching, A guidebook for English Language Teachers. Second Edition. Macmillan Books for Teachers. Rajadurai, J. (2001). An investigation of the forte of teaching pronunciation to Malaysian TESL students MacMillan Dictionary h ttp//www.macmillandictionary.com/

Hardy’s use of symbolism and characters in Tess of the D’urbervilles Essay

The roles of outlandish characters in Tess of the Durbervilles ar accustomd in umpteen concepts to express Tess superiority in the book. Throughout the falsehood Hardy emphasis his love of the character Tess, he has always made Tess stand out, for pattern in the opening when we first meet Tess she is described as the most beautiful dancer their but he has besides added the blushing(a) ribbon so she stands out in the crowd of white dresses.Tess of the Durbervilles, analogous the other major works by uncertainnessing Thomas Hardy, anticipates the twentieth century in regard to the spirit and treatment of its subject matter.Tess is the twelfth novel published by Hardy. He began the novel in 1889 it was spurned by several other periodicals from July to December 1891. It was finally published in December 1891.The novel questions societies informal mores by compassionately portraying a heroine who is seduced by the son of her employer and who thus is not considered pure and i nnocent women by the rest of the society. Upon its publication, Tess encountered brutally hostile reviews although it is now considered a major work of fiction, the poor reaction of Tess and Jude the Obscure precipitated Thomas Hardys transition from writing fiction to poetry.Tess of the Durbervilles deals with several probative contemporary subjects for Hardy, including struggles of religious belief that occurred during Hardys briotime Hardy was largely influenced by the Oxford exercise a spiritual movement involving extremely devout thinking and actions. Hardys family members were primarily Jewish-Orthodox Christians and uncompromising himself considered entering the clergy, as did many of his relatives. Yet hardy eventually abandoned his devout opinion in god based on the scientific advances of his contemporises, including most prominently Darwins on the simple eye of species. Hardys own religious experiences can thus be seen in the character of nonp beil Clargon, who r esists the conservative religious experiences beliefs of his parents to take a more religious and secular view of philosophy.The novel besides reflects Hardys preoccupation with social class that continues through his novels. Hardy had connections in both the functional class and the fastness class, but felt that he belonged to neither. This is reflected in the pessimism contained in Tess of the Durbervilles toward the chances for Tess to ascend in society and Angels precarious position as neither a member of the upper class nor a working person equivalent to his fellow milkers at Talbothays. Again, the want Angel Clare, Thomas Hardy Found himself torn between different social spheres with which he could not fully organize himself. Tess of the Durbervilles reflects that divide.It was the stories he heard from his mother and grandmother he utilize in his story about(predicate) secret baptisms, he witnessed a hanging of a woman who killed her husband for being unfaithful. Hard y was well up of but still joined in, in all the sphere activities, he uses events from his background e.g. the wild country dancing where he often played his violin he uses this in describing the dancing in Chaseborough.His semblance with nature and the rural environment is used very often in the novel because of his love of the countryside and his residence flavor being rough nature and animals he grew to love it and describes it with such emotional attachment when he dialogue about the season, which he has combined with tokenism.Hardy dis desired any topic sensitive, and continued telling use this end-to-end the book since the blood line when Tess goes to Alecs house he describes it as a flushed brick lodge hardy always uses symbolism to represent things red (crimson) is a sign of danger and warning. And also mentioned everything looked manage new money-like the last coin issued from the mint. He doesnt like anything new and states from the beginning that he doesnt l ike the idea of Tess going to Alec at his house.Hardy describes the countryside and the season as a sign of symbolism like reverberate is a apt and cheerful season when good things happen and then when its cold, bad and ill luck takes place.He describes the old and traditional ways of Marlett with joy and happiness, he like the club walking because he describes the evening and the spring. He dislike the combine harvester by the industrial revolution because it destroys the nature and life he writes that the animals huddled to admither, friends and foes, till the last few yards of upright whet fell also on a lower floor the teeth of the veering reaper and they where everyone put to death by the sticks and stones of the harvester he describes the whole thing in a negative attitude he calls the threshing machine at Flintomb Ash a red tyrant.Hardy in some cases does make rustic characters friendly, sympathetic and kind e.g. whilst yield when the children brought Tess her baby they respected her and were sympathetic towards her. Also when her father made a fool of himself at the beginning they dont laugh or sneer but understand their difficulties.When Tess returns to Trantridge her friends help cheer her up, also when Izzy tells Angel that Tess loves him more than anyone else.He makes them hard working to show they are better than urban dwellers like at the harvest field and farms. The brothers of Angel are not the rustic characters that hardy made the crossroads people but more of upper class well of children who fell to higher than the rest of the colony folk to talk part in dancing in public because they feel it is molest and are afraid that someone may see them and know who they are. The family of Tess are almost the same, they dont direction about anybody but themselves and all they want after finding out that they are from a adequate family is to have the money and well fair that will come from it. They dont care for what they do to Tess to make he r do what they want, and the children are only passengers on the shiftless house of the Durbeyfield going nowhere with no early.There are many other roles to the rustic characters the good and bad one the one who are kind, the ones who are jealous and hateful, some that have humour and make you laugh like the treacle and Car.The rustic characters are used to make Tess stand out more like the milk maids all like Angel but they say that Tess is evenhandedly and that Angel likes her but they are not jealous, they accept her and are still her friend. When Car has treacle on her back she doesnt like the detail that Tess is laughing at her because she is the favourite of Alec, also they say very well, miss Independence meaning that she is strong and wont let others do the work for her and not many where like her. This does change the way we look at Tess she is made most superior than the others, made to stand out against all odds.The seasons changing symbolise the approaching events and the mood of the character. Like the faint luminous fog on page 86 just in front the rape, this symbolises danger is up ahead and the fog is blinding Tess from the truth, and whats about to happen. In the novel it stop her from seeing where they are going, so inevitably Alec uses this to his advantage to seduce her without realising.On page 3 it is spring everything is quick cheerful and people are safe and happy nothing can go wrong in May.Page 131 it is spring, which was the happiest time in Tess life so, it predicts that it is a new start it predicts a happy future for her.Page 90 when she is about to be rapped it writes that the chase was wrapped in thick apparition now she is totally blinded from all that is about to come, and all that is going to change her life.Tess is very certain in the things she does the atmosphere around her reflects how she feels, and also the seasons. The dead leaves that she was lying on while she slept before the rape. This tells use that no matter what she doesnt feel safe she likes the country life with the simple everyday living. She doesnt trust the world beyond Trantridge, we see this in the way she feels living Trantridge for the first time.The colours are used to warn use of the future and certain characters.Darkness is used in the triangular dwell door Alec comes out of darkness, which shows that his intensions are dark and evil. For example darkness and silence ruled everywhere around when they where in the woods before the rape.Blue narcotic haze, it almost blinded her from what hes thinking of almost drugging her unconscious of her present situation.Red is a sign of danger warns readers that something is going to happen. exsanguinous is the sign of purity and fairness.The first time she leaves with Alec he writes behind the green valley of her birth, before, a gray country of which she knew nothing. Describes the journey to his home green-past, grey-future, green is what is good and full of life, safe. Grey is when she leaves her green happy life in to a grey bleak one.Red is the sign of danger and a warning. It is used throughout this book it starts with her wearing a red ribbon I believe this represents the fact that she is pretty and pure but the future ahead is full of struggle and danger.Hardy mentions that Alec has red smooth lips this states seduction.The crimson brick lodge-red, new, Hardy doesnt like new non-country things at Alecs house.Strawberries- red and always a symbol of seduction, so his intensions of giving her these are clear at his house the first time thy meet.The blood red ray- it means because she is blinded by the smoke she is blurred from the figure who is a dangerous person in her life while she eats.Overall Hardy has used rustic characters in many ways, to emphasis the fact that Tess is his favourite, to make her more superior then the that fact that she was educated till the 6th grade, which is something not many people where. The characters are also there f or comfort and humour. Hardy uses symbolism to show danger, predict the future and show passing of seasons and show intensions of characters. In the book he also uses extended metaphors one example is the shiftless house of the Durbeyfields, this extended metaphor of the shiftless house talks about the childrens life in the house which has no destination how they have no choice or future altogether dependent on the choices of the two adults for there pleasure, their necessities, their health, even their existence.The image that is given is of a unstable involved family with parents and the only choice the children have is to follow nothing else they can do except help when they get older, its no future for them in the shiftless house of the Durbeyfields. The extended metaphor when she is getting raped it talks about atmosphere, what shes lost and then finds reason why it was done to her. It talks about no one looking out for her where was god. Where was the providence in her faith ?Tess is his favourite character without a doubt he presents her in a light which finds her very favourable to him. Tess can be classed as a tragedy in the Shakespearean scene because basic flaws e.g. pride, guilt, stubbornness and excessive loyalty.

Eastboro Machine Tools Corporation Essay

Our main concern with Eastboro is their current dividend policy. With their current 40% dividend payout ratio, they entrust have to continue to borrow money to pay their dividend until the end of 2006. In 2007, they finally chew the fat an surplus of cash after the dividend. With this current ratio, Eastboros hope to expatiate more in the international commercialize is very(prenominal) restrained. Since management does not like to take on debt, they theoretically wont expand until 2007. However, with the recent restructuring of the confederacy and recommendation of a name sort, we feel that the dividend policy needs a make-over, as well. Management wants to focus their energy to moving the image of the company to more of a developing company as opposed to a high dividend paying mature company.To obtain this image, the dividend payout ratio needs to be lowered drastically to a payout ratio of 10%. With this decrease in the payout, the refreshful Eastboro Advanced Systems wo rld(prenominal) (EASI) go out convince sh arholders of their change to a growth company. Switching to a 10% payout ratio allows Eastboro to see excess cash by 2004, rather than 2007 with the current ratio, giving them the ability to fund the international growth sooner. This will also attract new investors, which in the short-term will offset the expected privation of some current shareholders. We feel that this change will assist increase the value of the company and the superlative will, in the future, outweigh the downside.The idea behind reducing the payout to 10% is that EASI will be adequate to(p) to systematically reach this target. At the end of each year, after all projects have been funded, EASI will be able to issue a special dividend to shareholders. With this ability, Eastboro will not have a problem retaining the shareholders or obtaining new shareholders.The recent attack on September 11, 2001 has caused the market to see some low results. Since the well-worn h arm has fallen from $30 to $22.15, this would be a good opportunity for EASI to repurchase some stock to help increase the value to the shareholders. Repurchasing some stock at this point will signal to shareholders that management feels powerfully about the restructuring of the company. This, also, will give the shareholders the confidence to remain with the company.RECOMMENDATIONSWe recommend that Eastboro change their name to Eastboro Advanced Systems International, Inc. to publish the company as heading in the new direction of becoming a more applied science advanced company. We also recommend reducing the dividend payout to 10%, as well as the repurchase of stock at the current price to help increase value. This will reduce the companys dependance on borrowed funds, reducing the forecasted loss of the company and making them more remunerative in shorter time period.This will give them increased cash flows to reinvest in CAD/CAM research to keep the company on the jumper le ad edge of advancement of their Artificial Workforce and related products at home and abroad. Along with the change in company dividend payout policy, a statement should be issued to inform the stockholders of the companys direction and the continued grandeur to improve the companys CAD/CAM products. To maximize shareholder wealth, we will be sticking to a 10% dividend in the future with the possibility of special dividends. With these changes, Eastboro will be signaling their focus on becoming a high growth stock.CRITIQUEOverall group five did a very good job addressing the major(ip) issues in thiscase. They tackled the issues of the dividend policy, the proposed name change for Eastboro, and whether or not to buy congest shares of stock.We agree with much of their analysis and recommendations. By lowering the dividend policy to 15%, they are allowing a large portion of funds to be used for future research and development, an idea we agree with. By caustic this percentage back from a current rate of 40%, there will obviously be a reaction by both current and prospective stockholders. By approving the name change to Eastboro Advanced Systems International, they are signaling to the street that they are committed to future growth, and will no yearner be able to be relied upon for high dividend payouts. We also like the fact that they did a dividend valuation, showing that Eastboro is soon under-valued, and does have a strong future.The only major issue we have with their analysis is a pit mistakes in the data they used. In reporting net income for 2001 in their forecasts for potential dividend payouts, they used 8. The correct effect here, as given by the text, is 18. Also, they used the falsely depreciation data in several historic period in this forecast. These mistakes would have been realized if they had reviewed their brief adequately. These mistakes skew the numbers enough to mislead readers, showing the wrong timeframe for excess cash.In conclus ion, group five did a very good job on the major issues in this case. However, they should have taken more time reviewing some of their data to ensure accuracy.LIMITATIONSThere are several limitations in this case. One of the main issues is what kind of fallout will be produced by the slap-up of the dividend payout from the current rate of 40% to a rate of 10%. We are assuming that those who are shortly holding the stock for these large dividend payments will either stay with Eastboro, or will be replaced by new investors whose goals better represent Eastboros vision.We are also forecasting all numbers with an put on growth rate of 15%, which obviously has the possibility, if not the probability of fluctuating below or preceding(prenominal) this number. Also, we are assuming the recent focus on the CAD/CAM technology will be profitable for Eastboro in the long-run, and that this new vision will create value for shareholders.Lastly, we are assuming that the market as a whole will perceive this move for what it is, a change in focus for a solid company with high potential for future growth. An alternative would be that people would look at the cut in dividends for a company who had historically paid them as a signal of flunk for Eastboro. Were going with the assumption that the name change, as well as proper marketing practices by Eastboro should adequately address this problem.

Brief History of Computer Essay

? primary programmable figurer The Z1 originally created by Ger many an(prenominal)s Konrad Zuse in his parents living room in 1936 to 1938 is considered to be the scratch line electrical binary programmable computer. The prototypical-year digital computer Short for Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABC started being actual by Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff Berry in 1937 and continued to be developed until 1942 at the Iowa State College (now Iowa State University). On October 19, 1973, US Federal Judge Earl R.Larson signed his decision that the ENIAC evident by Eckert and Mauchly was invalid and named Atanasoff the inventor of the electronic digital computer. The ENIAC was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania and began whirl in 1943 and was not completed until 1946. It occupied about 1,800 square feet and utilize about 18,000 vacuum tubes, measure almost 50 tons. Although the Judge ruled that the ABC compute r was the first digital computer many still consider the ENIAC to be the first digital computer.Because of the Judge ruling and because the case was never appealed equivalent most we consider the ABC to be the first digital computer. However, because the ABC was never fully useable we consider the first functional digital computer to be the ENIAC. The first stored program computer The premature British computer known as the EDSAC is considered to be the first stored program electronic computer. The computer performed its first calculation on May 6, 1949 and was the computer that ran the first graphical computer game.The first personal computer In 1975 Ed Roberts coined the term personal computer when he introduced the Altair 8800. Although the first personal computer is considered to be the Kenback-1, which was first introduced for $750 in 1971. The computer relied on a series of switches for inputting data and output data by turning on and off a series of lights. The Micral is c onsidered to be the first commercial non-assembly computer. The computer used the Intel 8008 processor and sold for $1,750 in 1973. The first workstationAlthough never sold the first workstation is considered to be the Xerox Alto, introduced in 1974. The computer was revolutionary for its time and included a fully functional computer, display, and mouse. The computer operated like many computers today utilizing windows, menus and icons as an interface to its operating system. The first laptop or portable computer The first portable computer or laptop is considered to be the Osborne I, a portable computer developed by Adam Osborne that weighed 24 pounds, a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, two 5 1/4 lax drives, and a modem.